Nordsee – the Different Fast Food Restaurant

The Different Fast- Food Restaurant (Case Study for Marketing Course) [pic] MK 300 Michaela Ouzka F03 B April 27, 2005 Summarizing the Facts: As Slovakia becomes an integrated European country, it is increasingly involved in globalization. As a result, many foreign citizens, Slovak business people, and professionals come especially to Bratislava for investment or for other reasons and obviously, as they spend more time in town, there is a higher demand for good quality restaurants.Nordsee is a non- traditional fast food restaurant; it offers quality sea food with self- service. Moreover, a part of the restaurant is a snack-bar for the busier people or for students and there also exists a sea-food store with delicate and fresh sea specialties for the more demanding customers. Nordsee is a German company which was established in 1896. Originally, it was a small firm that consisted of 7 steam boats and was fishing all kinds of sea-food in order to sell it in its own store as fresh as po ssible. Nowadays, this company is Europe’s No. sea-food restaurant with stores all over Germany (364 restaurants combined with snack-bars and stores), Austria and Switzerland due to its 100 years of know-how, its technology, and its outstanding product quality. State the Problem/ Opportunity: Other fast-food chains have already entered the Slovak market and did very well, as for instance McDonald’s or Pizza Hut. However, Nordsee differs a lot from these traditional high-sugar, high-fat burgers and low-carb pizzas. Its meals are very healthy, tasty, and even suitable for vegetarians.It these days, more and more people care about their weight and their lifestyle, and Nordsee can certainly help to reduce the people’s weight and to stay in shape. The main dishes in the restaurant are for instance salmon, shrimps, and many different kinds of sea-fishes, squid or lobster for attractive prices combined with salads, potatoes or soups and sauces. Slovakia represents a go od opportunity for Nordsee to expand to Eastern Europe. It provides low labor-cost and a still rather open market.The target market would be students (snack-bar), labor, professionals or business people (self-service restaurant), and the gourmets (store). The probably biggest problem would be the relatively high prices for the top-quality sea food and the competition from other already existing fast food restaurants. Analyze the Causes of the Problems: †¢ Problem No. 1: Relatively High Prices of the Products This is certainly true if we are speaking about top-quality lobster or salmon. But there are also other, cheaper products in the self-service store or in the snack-bar, as a part of a restaurant.As you can see there is a wide range of many different products and therefore of many pricing levels from cheap to affordable, but of top quality. An average salmon sandwich with salad and a tasty herb-sauce would probably cost just as much as a high-fat McRoyal. Which one would you chose? †¢ Problem No. 2: Competition Obviously there are already fast-food restaurants or baguetterias, but they offer almost no variety and they are incomparable with a Nordsee restaurant, as you sit down in a nice atmosphere and you eat the dishes with knife and fork, and not with your bare hands.You can also have a special fish-soup or a salad with shrimps if you chose to. It is a self-service restaurant; therefore, it wouldn’t take more than 15 minutes to eat a full meal. It would be completely innovative and that is why there would be no real competition in that sense. Of course it would be necessary to open such a store in some shopping center or in the city center of Bratislava where there are many potential customers located. Alternative Solutions: 1.Nordsee opens its own store in Bratislava and if it approves, other stores can be opened in Banska Bystrica or Kosice. Strenghts: Over 100 years of know-how, technology, excellent product quality Weaknesses: It is a German company and it does not completely know how to operate in Eastern Europe (lack of knowledge and experience) Opportunities: Number 1 self-service restaurant with sea-food in Slovakia Threats: Competition, too high prices for Slovak market 2. FranchisingStrenghts: Low risk-taking for Nordsee, other Slovak entrepreneurs invest their money and have better know-how of their domestic market Weaknesses: Nordsee has to provide them with their technology, their expertise and product supplying Opportunities: Nordsee receives payment from Slovak entrepreneurs and without much risk-taking it can become leading fast-food restaurant Threats: Entrepreneurs can stay profitless, Nordsee Company may have therefore damaged reputation, it can no more expand successfully on its own to other Eastern European countries . Slovak entrepreneurs open a similar store with other brand name on their own Strenghts: They do not have to pay Nordsee for franchising; they do not have to obey the standards and orders from Nordsee (independence) Weaknesses: They might not have the required equipment and know-how Opportunities: Opening a similar store but with a different product line and therefore a different, eventually lower pricing Threats: Competition from other, already existing fast-food chains, which are more organized and already experienced Recommended SolutionFranchising would probably be the most suitable choice in order to successfully expand to Slovakia. It would be inevitable to go to Nordsee headquarter in Germany to have a negotiation with the suitable persons to ask for a license to distribute their products and to receive their technology for the preparation of their food. After their agreement, it is necessary to pay for this license and for the equipment for the stores, as they are standardized and are therefore almost identical in every location. This would be called â€Å"niche-marketing†, as there is no other sea-food self-service restaurant in Slovakia yet.J ustification and Evaluation: Franchising would be the most effective choice, as I have worked out the 4 P’s (marketing mix): †¢ Product: Sea-food (fish specialties, shrimps, soups, salads, etc. ) †¢ Price: In a similar range as already existing fast-food restaurants in Slovakia (e. g. McDonald’s) †¢ Promotion: Advertising through TV-spots (depending on the extent of the promotion budget), billboards, flyers, free samples in the stores within the first week of the opening, newspapers, magazines, fitness centers, etc. Place: Bratislava’s city center, shopping malls, etc. (eventually Banska Bystrica and Kosice) To sum up, Nordsee has an enormous potential in Eastern Europe, especially Slovakia through franchising. It is evident that it would certainly do quite well under such conditions especially in Bratislava. There are still no, or just very few, good restaurants with high-quality food where you can eat within a few minutes. There would also be sp ecial offerings for small children with an exceptional dish with a little toy (such as the â€Å"Happy Meal† in McDonald’s stores).As you can see, the potential market is wide-spread and I am positive that Nordsee would definitely be a good alternative to all the fat pizzas and burgers that we all weekly consume with disregard to our health.

Organizational Conflicts and Building Coalitions

Conflict within the organization is an every day reality as no one individual will have the same opinion or style. The differences found amongst people in the workplace has required perceptions to change when it comes to leading a team and implementing strategy. One's attitude must be flexible and tolerant of change and conflict. Conflict must be an accepted factor or otherwise the organization will not survive. In many ways, leaders and management look at conflict as a positive. Because conflict taking time and effort to resolve, it also allows for critical thinking and opening the path for new ideas and solutions. This works to the company's advantage over the long run as it continues to think outside the box or get do away with the box entirely. This leads to innovation. The attitude toward knowledge has evolved because more than one type is needed in order to implement a new idea. This changes the needs of workers and organizations as diffusion of innovation takes place as many different points of view are considered. While the idea that conflict can be a positive, leaders must also keep in mind the other side of the spectrum or the negative. While conflict can lead to innovation, it can also open up the employee to too many opportunities, which can influence their creativity and productivity. It produces a whole new reality that employees may not be prepared to handle. Product diversification could mean failure. Technology, while it is wondrous and makes jobs easier, can also be dangerous. With telecommunications, a new breed of crime has been created with identity theft and corporate brand protection becoming important. Technology can be disastrous if put in the wrong hands. With innovations come new inventions that make our lives easier but also have a higher risk when used. This is the nature of the realm of possibility. This can backfire as it can also destroy and impose new rules of conduct upon communities. As much as many like the idea of innovation, for those scared of change, it is difficult to embrace fully. This leads to further conflict or counter movements to conserve what is left because the longer a conflict goes unresolved, the harder it is fix. This like a lack of communication can lead to a break in the cycle for the organization. Still organizational conflict and change is about the future. However, as more products and services are produced and distributed throughout the world, debate continues regarding leaders' obligation to take on more social responsibility. To change the way business is conducted, we may need to establish new operational styles that set new expectations for both today's work force and corporate accountability. Looking at a corporation like Johnson and Johnson, one realizes within a team everyone has a function to meet production quotas and the harmony produced translates into efficiency. Total Quality Management (TQM) is still evident as companies push to analyze productivity as it reflects success, profit, as the numbers still remain the bottom line. Change means introducing new players to the reality, which one takes the risk, could lead to further conflict or creation. This means the possibility of interacting with outsiders or traveling in other countries for opportunities. One such situation can arise when an American company sets up shop in England. How will the locals react to such international involvement and on what levels will this be tolerated? How much will gained by so much change or resulting conflict? It is the ability to accept the new reality of today's workplace that makes an organization competitive. A company like Johnson and Johnson faces many challenges in the future due to this new reality.

An Ironic Twist of the American Dream

The American dream was first expressed by James Truslow in 1931, â€Å"life should be better and richer and fuller for everyone, with opportunity for each according to ability or achievement†. The American dream is never fully accomplished because all good things have to come to an end at one point or another as it does in The Great Gatsby by F. Scott Fitzgerald. The American dream speaks for its meaning since any dream is far from reality. The American dream is based on perfectionism and Jay Gatsby, the protagonist, did anything for that as well as impossible is nothing, however if something is too good to be true than the chances are slim and you shouldnt try to change fate, or force it because it will only lead to harm. Perfectionism, in psychology, is a belief that perfection can and should be attained. In its pathological form, perfectionism is a belief that work or output which is anything less than perfect is unacceptable. At such levels, this is considered an unhealthy belief, and psychologists typically refer to such individuals as maladaptive perfectionists thus perfection is not normal. People like perfectionism because it is excellence and those like Gatsby strive for that eventhough it is impossible to get like when Gatsby describes his car as , a rich cream colour, with bright nickel, monstrous length, with triumphant hat boxes (page 51). The whole American Dream is based on idealism. Perfect things dont exist in the world: for instance, walls are not fully straight, and apples are never fully round. The Great Gatsby is a very good example of how perfection is not useful; just harmful. Gatsby wouldve been better off living his life which was near perfection because he almost had everything, there only was one imperfection: he did not possess Daisy. Perfect is too good to be true. In the middle of the 20th century an American heavy weight boxer, Muhammad Ali, informed the world that impossible is nothing, â€Å"Impossible is just a big word thrown around by small men who find it easier to live the world they've been given than to explore the power they have to change it. Impossible is not a fact. It's an opinion. Impossible is not a declaration. It's a dare. Impossible is potential. Impossible is temporary. Impossible is nothing. † It is possible for Gatsby to get Daisy but she is too good to be true. If its too good to be true than it is! Everything comes in that package. For example, if a car is sold for five thousand dollars less than another similar car then the car has something wrong with it. Daisy was the pro, and her other lover was the con. Fate is an important key to make decisions. Fate manipulates our life, it may also refer to, Destiny, which is an inevitable course of events. Destiny may be seen either as a sequence of events that is inevitable and unchangeable, or that individuals choose their own destiny by taking different paths throughout their life. In the sense of being unchangeable it is said that the different courses of action people take may still lead to a predetermined destiny. It is in human nature to go for things people cant get and when Gatsby went for Daisy, it was his fate but it was his decision that contradicted it, and eventually going against the flow. The American dream is near impossible to achieve because it is against fate. The American dream is only a dream that usually turns out in an ironic twist for the people that try to fulfil it. Perfectionism is utopic, its our psychology that thinks it exists. Everything is possible but when its against destinys will, and too great to be reality, dont go for it because it will lead to no good and is too good to be true. If one cant resist and goes for it then its just fate, people desire the impossible. Gatsbys fate wasnt strong enough to manipulate his want for Daisy. So is the American dream really worth it?

Authenticity & Socio-econmic Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Authenticity & Socio-econmic - Essay Example Though it did not really mention the specific enhancements done on their new model, it did not exaggerate or claimed anything beyond what the product really is. This second print ad is to advertise a new line of fragrance from Gucci. It has been known to be a prestigious brand not only because of its high end quality of perfumes but at the same time the exclusivity of the brand as it only targets a certain market who can afford these kinds of perfume they make. However, in this ad, it strongly implies or sells love and lust which is very misleading to the audience. Although the male model seems to be drawn closer to the woman model as he seemingly love how she smells, the manner in which it was portrayed, employing nudity or sex is a form of environmental degradation or commoditizing human beings. The use of this line of perfume should not be associated with getting one physical satisfaction or

Cephas Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words

Cephas - Assignment Example After the man has shown his truck full of food for donation, workers became even more perplexed. The man has decided to help in the way he could, but lack of relevant controls and human factor have caused huge problems. If I were the worker of this centre I would deal with Cephas differently. Probably, I would try to explain to him that his donation was not a good idea because of the gaps in the system and bureaucracy heavily integrated into this system. I would explain to him that the welfare system doesn’t work as it is expected to work and nobody cares about those who are in need. While this behavior would not be appropriate, and the risk of my dismissal would be high, it could serve as an effective trigger for change of the social welfare system. I would do this in order to make the system work how it should be. If there are people who are needy, and there are people who are willing to help and have some capabilities to help, why should the bureaucratic machine and laziness of people prevent this? Nobody knows how many people such as Cephas were willing to help to low-income families, and nobody cares really. The story shows that even though there are welfare programs, they do not work h ow they should. I would recommend to Cephas to declare somehow officially the contribution he has made and ask for some public report about how and to whom the products were distributed. Thus, the head of the department of the welfare centre and other employees would not take part of the products to their homes and would be responsible to plan thoroughly how to distribute the products equally among low-income families and disabled people. This would be a very problematic thing to do; however, it would serve as the first step towards changing the social welfare system. The more people will bring help and donation, the greater control over it will be required. It will be impossible to hide or take to home

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 32

Response - Essay Example instead, took advantage of it to create perspective and to intensify and stress the dramatic subjects, which is the artistry of science fiction in the author’s opinion. I agree with the author’s claim that we are currently living in a world where there is a blur between the past, present, and future. But such reality is still hidden to many of us. As stated by the author â€Å"†¦these shows were important to a degree and achieved cult status but it never encapsulated reality or capture a single theme or idea that made a show prestigious to a wider audience† (Gasoline Sky para 2). The author is clearly criticizing viewers for taking for granted the larger themes of science fiction shows like BSG. In general, the article is enlightening, interesting, and informative. It also offers a somewhat objective analysis of the political (e.g. terrorism) and religious (e.g. polytheism vs. monotheism) aspects in the thematic agenda of the

Employment relationship Assignment Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

Employment relationship - Assignment Example Based on this research industrial relations are considered to be a multi-disciplinary field that studies the various facets of employment relationships. The predominance of non industrial employment relations has made the term employment relations more meaning and importance. The examination of various employment situations and conditions and also the ones which does not come with a unionized workforce is studied under the field of employment relations. The three main faces comprising employment relations are science building, ethics and problem solving. In the face science building, employment relations are considered to be social science which understands the various employment relationships and institutions through rigorous and high quality research. In the face of ethics, industrial relations are a reflection of very strong normative principles on employment relationships and workers. This is especially with regards to the treatment of workers as a mere commodity in favor of cons idering them as human beings having human rights in democratic communities. ‘Human relations’ is a term which refers to the entire field of relationships prevailing out of the collaboration between men and women in their recruitment process in the modern industry. It is considered to be that particular part of management which is directly related to the management of organizations and enterprises including skilled workmen, machine operators and managers. It not only deals with the relationship existing between employers and the state but also workers organizations and the relationships existing between occupational organizations. Most importantly, the problem solving aspect of industrial or employment relations seek to create and design such institutions and policies which help in better working of the employment relations. Scholars have brought forth various frameworks and theoretical perspectives as per their understanding and analysis of the workplace situations and relations. In this context mention must be made of the two main theoretical perspectives, namely, unitary and pluralist perspectives respectively. The above two approaches have their own perspectives and interpretation of workplace conflicts, job regulations, role of unions etc. The main purpose of the project is to explore the different perspectives and evaluate their presence in modern organizational settings. It tries to understand the ideologies that underpin the managerial perspectives and the way they reflect in organizational life. The extent to which each of the perspectives predominates over the other is explored in the project (Wilton, 2010, p.36). Unitary perspective One of the most competing approaches towards the study of employment relations is based on the conservative ideological position called ‘unitary’. The most distinguishing characteristic which differentiate the unitary ideological perspective is the assumption that every work organization is consi dered to be an integrated entity which has a shared goal and a common purpose. Employment relationship according to the unitary perspective is based on the mutual harmony and cooperation of interest between the organization and its employees (Bray, 2011, p.21). It does not consider the possibility of conflicts between capital owners and workers. They are all considered to be belonging to the same team and having the very same objective which rules out the possibility of conflicts. Wherever there is prevalence of an industrial conflict, it is either treated as a temporary phenomenon or the result of abnormal behavior (Green, 2011, p.245). This behavior is commonly considered to be raised by trouble makers, bad communication and poor management. Moreover, in such cases unions are considered to be always being in competition with the management in order to gain commitment and loyalty of the employees (Bray,

International Business Environment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

International Business Environment - Essay Example This essay talks that the ability of organizations to succeed in the global business environment is related to a series of factors, including the resources available, the organizational objectives and the network of each firm’s strategic alliances, both locally and globally. At this point, the following problem has appeared: is the global business environment able to affect organizational performance? The performance of a Multinational Enterprise in the context of the global business environment is explored in this paper. Reference is made to Toyota and the challenges that the particular organization faces under the pressures by the global business environment. This report makes a conclusion that the success of Toyota in the global market cannot be doubted. However, the stabilization in the firm’s productivity, as reflected in the financial results of the organization presented in section 4 above, leads to the following assumption: for the last years, i.e. from 2010 onwards the firm has been unable to improve its performance, meaning that it has not been able in competing effectively. The conditions in the international business environment, as explained above using the PESTLE analysis are highly responsible for the specific outcome. In this condition, it can be stated that the power of the firm in the global automotive industry is threatened, since a decline in the firm’s profits is always possible to start. Therefore, the stabilization and the future growth of the firm is depended on the review and the update of its strategic priorities, according to the trends in the international business environment, as analyzed above.

Analysis Paper Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words - 2

Analysis Paper - Essay Example These transitions are highly stressful and college years have been known to be the most stressful times in life. This stress is caused by academic, personal and social challenges. Students are expected to perform demanding tasks while adjusting to their new environment under minimal supervision. This stress has a negative impact on them which results to smoking, alcohol abuse and eating disorders. Research has shown that stress experienced in this period decreases mental health which leads to depression and low self esteem. Stress has become a major concern for the millennial student population and there is need to analyze this topic in relation to stress tolerance. It is important to note that people react differently to similar stressors. This paper agrees with this article and shall go into detail to explain why. College years are regarded as being the most stressful time in one’s life. The millennial age bracket has distinct features that entail the way they handle stresso rs. The sole purpose of the research discussed in the text was to make out lifestyle habits and coping approaches that are related to varying levels of stress tolerance among the millennial students in their college years. The methodology applied in this research was a random questionnaire that was conducted in a randomly selected college. The questionnaire included coping strategies, symptoms and checklists for stressors. The subjects were grouped into high stress tolerance and low stress tolerance and the STRs (Stress Tolerance Ratios) determined (Hellen et al. 362). From the results obtained, ten coping factors were connected to high stress tolerance, nine were put one in a situation of low stress tolerance while one was a protective factor. According to the findings of the study, it is clear that the lifestyle habits and coping mechanisms presently being used are ineffective. These strategies also put millennial students in a position of low stress tolerance. This article seeks to address the problem of stress experienced by millennial college students during the transition period. The study also identifies the strategies that are linked to low or high stress tolerance. This population is characterized by unique features thereby their stressors are also distinctive (Hellen et al. 365); thus the need for the application of non conventional coping methods. If some coping strategies are efficient, it is possible for students to develop their stress tolerance, not taking action when the stress is out of hand. This article mainly targets the college administration, teachers and general staff. It is an informative article that has information on the causes and symptoms of stress in the learning environment. It can be used as framework for formulating stress coping strategies. The article is also valuable to parents since it helps them to understand behavior of the millennial students and give them the necessary support throughout this period. The subjects themse lves are educated on how to cope with stress and develop high stress tolerance to the highly stressful college period. This is as clearly indicated in the essay. ‘Stress Tolerance: New Challenges for Millennial College Students’ is an effective essay because it is has been written is a clear language, has used supportive evidence to build on its argument and used transition statements to enhance flow. The writer has used simple and clear statements that are easy to read and understand. The essay has clearly

Summary for two articles Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Summary for two articles - Essay Example The general increase in the temperatures has had significant effects to the environment. The increase in temperatures has had several effects, which the report has outlined and discussed. The rise in sea level has been due to increasing global temperatures, with the level rising at the rate of 1.8 mm/yr since 1968. This is a result of thermal expansion, melting of glacier and ice caps and polar ice sheets, creating a worrying trend to the world. Increased warming has also been the cause of decrease in snow and ice cover in both northern and southern hemispheres. Increased temperatures have also led to increase in precipitation especially in eastern parts of North and South America, northern parts of Europe and northern and central parts of Asia. However, there has been a report of decrease in precipitation in Sahel, Mediterranean, southern Africa, and parts of Asia. Another indicator of changing climatic conditions is the increase in warm days, warm nights, and a decrease in cold day s and cold nights. Intense tropical cyclone activities have also significantly increased in the north Atlantic since the 1970s, although there is no substantial of such increase elsewhere (Metz 22-24). Causes of Climatic Changes Greenhouse gas and aerosols concentration, changes in land cover and solar radiations are responsible for alterations in the energy balance of the climate system. Greenhouse gas emissions have increased significantly in the last few decades and especially from 1970s. Carbon dioxide (CO2) is the most important greenhouse gas emitted by human activities, with the biggest contributor being burning of fossil fuels. Methane (CH4) is another greenhouse gas that which comes from agricultural activities and use of fossil fuels. Both carbon dioxide and methane gases contribute significantly to increase in global temperatures significantly. The last 50 years have witnessed increase global temperatures due to increased greenhouse gas emissions (Metz 198). Impact of Pro jected Climate Change Evidence highly supports mitigation policies on climatic change and related sustainable development practices on greenhouse gases will keep an upward increase over the next few decades. This emission, the IPCC Special Report on Emissions Scenarios, has projected to 90% in the 2000 to 2030 period. The report points out that fossil fuels will contribute the largest amount of the greenhouse gases. If the emission of these gases remain at the current rate or increase even with a minute percentage are likely to cause more damages and higher temperatures than those witnessed in the 20th century. This means that forest cover, snow and ice cover will reduce significantly, while the sea level will keep rising until the point when these trends will change. The acidity of the ocean is likely to increase, posing a threat to the aquatic life, and these changes are likely to affect human life more than they will affect other systems for example reduced agricultural productio n increasing areas affected by hunger. Adaptations and Options of Mitigation A variety of options to curb the increasing climatic change is available, but the only best way to change this is the reduction of the vulnerability of the climatic change. However, a number of barriers, costs, and limitations, that has yet to be evaluated. Societies have been on the front in trying to manage the impact of climate changes. Additional measures to reduce these

The Capital of Yemen Essay Example for Free

The Capital of Yemen Essay Sanaa is one of the oldest inhabited cities in the world. it is the capital of the Republic of Yemen. The history of Sanaa started when founded by Shem, son of Noah. the story tells of how Shem reached Yemen after a long way from the north and found Sanaa a suitable place to settle in. Shem originally chose the western part of Sanaa but according to a popular legend, it says that the moment he began building the foundations of the city, a bird flied to himand picked up his sounding lead to the eastern part of Sanaa and dropped the lead. Shem believed that this bird was sent from god to lead him to a better place for settlement. Sanaa is located in the middle of the Yemeni heigh. It is about 2150 high from the sea lever. it is on the west foot of Nukum Mountain. The climate in Sanaa is usually moderate in summer. and cold in winter. However, it has rainy summers, and dry winters. Sanaa is known for its sand and dust storms which results in problems and crop damages. It is also known for its limited natural fresh water which leaves the country in an in sufficient supplies of potable water. Sanaa has a population of 1. million people. Jews are the oldest non Muslim minority that has emigrated to Sanaa, however, the dominant religion is Islam. Majority of the population are Muslims. Other religions in Sanaa is Christianity (Christians) and Hinduism (Hindus). Religion in Sanaa, Yemen reflects the culture and society of Yemen. Sanaa is famous for having many man-made trades including jewelry, silver, kinds of Jambia, copp er containers and agricultural tools that can be founded in the Sanaa Market. The Sanaa Market is located in the old city of Sanaa which Im going to talk about later on in the paper. The market contains a set of small shops open in the ground floor which overlooks narrow streets. Each shop is only few square meters. Today, the Sanaa Market is still as popular as before. Each trade or  goods has a special sub-market for it that the number of the sub markets are 24. All these sub markets are joined now in one name, which is Souq Almelh or Melh Market. As the capital city of Yemen, 40% of jobs in Sanaa are in the public sector. Other primary sources of formal employment in the city are trade and industry. Each county or a city is famous in its own way of diet and food. Yemenis eat three times a day at home. Generally, there is an early breakfast of sweet tea with bread made of sorghum, wheat, or barley. Dinner includes a porridge prepared from fenugreek with meat, eggs, vegetables, herbs, and spices, which is served hot in a stone or clay bowl, a light supper consists of vegetables or dates. Lentils and peas are traditional staples in addition to sorghum. At special occasions and celebrations, guests are served a roasted or boiled meat from goat or sheep with rice. In town and villages it is served with side dished of roasted or fried eggplants and mixed green salads. As for desserts, they serve fruits or custard with raisins and grapes. Sanaa has more than 50 mosques, five of the fifty has domes and others with minarets. The most important mosque is the Great Mosque which was built during the life of Prophet Mohammad and ordered by him in the 8th year of Hejra. which are not less beautiful or wonderful with respect to the style of minarets, domes and artistic embellishments. Sanaa is considered one of the Islamic historical towns in Yemen because it has the Old City of Sanaa which is a wonderful place of old architecture. The old city of Sanaa is one of the nicest cities in the Middle East and the Islamic countries. After the city got developed, they built a fence all over the city. The city had a for in it on a high area. Under this area are the markets and the great mosque of prophet Mohammad. The planning of the city is quarter-based. However, building are built to be next to each other in a close distance. Each quarter of the city has a mosque and a garden that provides its people with vegetables. The city has a big gate that serves as an entry gate. it was built about 1000 years ago and it is called (Bab Al Yemen). Sanaa has the highest mountain in the Middle East which is the mountain of the Prophet Shueib. This mountain is 3766 meters above the sea level. The best quality of Yemeni coffee and grapes can be found there. It also has the most beautiful village in Yemen which is Al-Hajara. Sanaa city is broadened in the horizontal and vertical directions. The old architecture of Sanaa has much of ornamentations existing in a variety of forms and percentages such as fences, mosques, the masses of towers, baths, samsaras, markets, schools and mils. These forms makes Sanaa a live city that meets a persons basic requirements. A person or a group can form immortal architectural heritage which reminds us of the Hymiarites (Hymiarite Kingdom) led architecture. One of the building I am talking about is still there since about seven centuries. Houses in Sanaa are marked by their advanced structural style. Their construction reflect high level of welfare, attraction and beauty. The upper floors are built with bricks, and each floor is separated from the other with a well designed belt. Museums are also a part of Sanaa. It has two important and interesting museum. The National Museum, and the Military Museum. The National Museum was built on 12 October 1987. Its rooms contain many important archeological treasures. It has more than 17 thousand diverse archeological pieces dating back to different historical ages. This begins from the age of the past history and ends in the current age. Second, the Military Museum. It is located in Tahreer Square, and it dates back to the second half of the 19th century after Christians Osmanis built it in their second rule in Yemen. It exhibits historical treasures such as primitive weapons, inscriptions, manuscripts, photographs and portraits. The latter are related to the military history that is why they call it the Military Museum. Cultural institution in   Sanaa takes a role also. Sanaa has five different universities consisting of a large number of different facilities. It has the most important university in Yemen The Sanaa University which was established in 1970 as the first and the primary university in the Yemen Republic. Other universities that are located in Sanaa between the private and government universities is the University of Science and Technology, Al-Eman University, Saba University which was named after Queen Saba, and Queen Arwa University. The most important monument in Sanaa is Dar Al-Hajar or the Rock House which located a few kilometers from Sanaa. Any tourist that wouldnt visit has missed it because not seeing Dar Al Hajar is not seeing Sanaa. Most of the visitors forgets visiting this fantastic artistic place. The typical Yemeni architecture is what really makes the building so special and appealing. The palace was built as a summer residence by Imam Yahya in the 1930s. As for the political life in Sanaa it is just like the country. Yemen have entitled a presidential republic and a multiparty parliamentary democracy. The parliament consists of the House of Deputies and an appointed Upper Chamber, or Senate. A president is elected for a five year term and the current president of Yemen Republic is General Ali Abdullah Saleh. He have been ruling the country ever since he won his last campaign in 1999 and that is 12 years of presidency. The Yemeni constitution guarantees the political rights of its women, however, gender inequality is generally widespread in Yemen. In conclusion, Sanaa City is the historical and capital City of the Republic of Yemen. It is one of the most wonderful historical cities in the world and the middle east . Its important because the whole city has a one of a kind architecture that serves as being a live museum to other countries and tourists.

What automation does Essay Example for Free

What automation does Essay Office automation is one of the most important step towards the development of a better operations environment (Endrijjonas, 2005). Automation is considered a sure way to the development of a better operational environment and is often associated with increased productivity. Automating an office alone is not enough in ensuring this as the human aspect and contribution in automation is considerable. It is necessary for humans to intervene in any automated process as machines are created by man and are therefore bound to err. Moreover, the implementation of an automated office environment largely depends on the instruction streams that the system has been programmed with and is thus heavily dependent on the nature of the organizations operations. Automation is seen as a means to ease the work load. The office environment is one of the most tedious environment one can be in. The number of processes required for the functioning of an office make it difficult to implement a manual system. Therefore, an automated system does the same work in an environment that provide multiple functionality and at a speed that no ordinary man can ever achieve. Thus, the workload is managed more efficiently as the accuracy associated with the use of machines is higher than that of a manual system. Moreover, machines are seen as a means to the elimination of repetitive processes, and therefore the available human resource is used optimally. The overall result of the implementation of an automated system is efficiency in the operations process, which lead to optimal performance and thus increased performance which is seen in high throughput. One of the most misunderstood aspect of office automation is that the creation of a new system or tool is mandatory. This is a fallacy as there are instances where a wise selection of the available tools is all that is needed. Moreover, automation may imply the development and improvement of the existing system tools. Advantages Of Building There are several pros associated with building office automation software from scratch. The nature of the organization plays an important part in the determination of the advantage that the organization will accrue as a result of such a decision. Building is defined as coming up with a new system from scratch or from the system that is currently in place. Therefore, building is an initiative that will take place in the organization for a considerable time period and should therefore be monitored well within the organizational context. Economic One of the major consideration that an organization has to make in consideration of the development path in coming up with an automated Helpdesk support system is economic growth (Endrijjonas, 2005). The main aim of any business is making profits so as to engage in developmental and diversification agenda. The economic benefits accrued by the implementation of a system is thus a major consideration in deciding whether to choose or buy. When an organization builds a help desk support system, the organization from the first day of implementation becomes the owner of the system. Therefore, its asset base increases and so does the stability. This trend continues and any additional features added to the system will not only improve the efficiency of the system but also ensure that the organization grows. Therefore, the approach ensures that the organization grows at a level that is sustainable in consideration of its resource base. Furthermore, the need for additional funding, expertise and support from outside sources is eliminated or reduced by building. The needs of organizations may change, and they often do considerably. An important consideration in ensuring the growth of an organization is the effective address of their needs as at the time of occurrence (Grabbe, 2007). Industry and market trends are not the easiest aspect of business to predict as they are influenced by factors that are beyond the control of man. As a result the nature of an organizations need for automation is quite dynamic. A problem of this nature definitely requires a solution that befits, building an automated Helpdesk support system goes in line with dynamism. Building ensures that the system meets its objectives. Learning and development of technical staff is a consideration in development; the IT staff in developing the system get first hand knowledge and experience in developing and thus gain skills which will lead to better delivery by the automated system. Change is an aspect that is not easily accepted not only by humans but also by particles. According to Newton resisting change is normal for any particle, the psychological effect of change causes a general resistance (Kenyon, 2001). Therefore, organizations are often advised to implement changes in a gradual manner so as to ensure that all members of the organization are in line with the changes and thus uniform growth is experienced. Implementing an automated system is a change process and any organization should treat it one. Building an automation software goes in line with this and is thus appropriate is therefore appropriate. This is a very important consideration as the effect of a poorly managed change process on the economic stability of an organization is far much worse and often offsets the benefits and is a situation that any organization should go at any length to avoid. Cultural Organizational culture is cultivated for a number of years. Changing the culture as a means to development takes a number of years (Endrijjonas, 2005). Failure to incorporate the correlation of a strategy to corporate culture and the effect they have on each other is a source of failure of many project. Automation of office Helpdesk services is no exception and therefore all organizations must adopt a positive attitude towards the development of a culture friendly approach.

Total And Viable Counts Of Microorganisms Biology Essay

Total And Viable Counts Of Microorganisms Biology Essay The term microorganisms also called microbes refer to small tiny single celled organisms usually not visible to the naked eye. Microorganisms require magnification for proper visualization and resolution of their structure. These involve use of microscopes or magnifying lens with appropriate level of magnification (Tortora, Funke and Case 1995). Microorganisms are found in all living things all over the world i.e. plants and animals. They exist in a variety of habitats. They can live in air, on land or in water both fresh and salty. The three main classes of microorganisms are bacteria, fungi and viruses. Different microorganisms have different effects. Some are harmful while others are beneficial. Pathogenic and spoilage microbes cause diseases and food spoilage respectively thus referred to as harmful microorganisms. We also have others that are needed by living things to survive and they are termed as beneficial microbes (Tortora, Funke and Case 1995). Microbes are classified either by placing them in prokaryote or eukaryote group or by classifying them according to the temperature in their surrounding environment where they are classified as thermophilic microbes (thermophiles), mesophilic microbes (mesophiles) or psychrophilic microbes (psychrophiles). Thermophilic microbes are those microbes that grow well in high temperatures above the human body temperature. Mesophilic microbes are those that grow well in temperatures equal to that of human body while psychrophililic microbes are those that grow well in low temperatures below that of human body (Jaggi 1985). Like any other living organism, microbes reproduce for enhancement of their species. They reproduce by means of either sexual or asexual reproduction. Sexual reproduction occurs by mating of a male and a female while asexual reproduction is by cell division either by mitosis, meiosis or binary fission. 3. Counting of microorganisms. Micro-organisms can be counted. They need to be detected first before being counted. There are several techniques involved when counting microbes. One or more of the following techniques may be used when counting microbes. Direct counting techniques can be used. The oldest of these is microscopy which involves magnification of individual cells to become visible to the naked eye. Direct counting techniques do not rely on cell population growth. A more recent of the direct counting techniques involves use of immunofluorescence and epifluorescence adaptations of cell labeling used in conjunction with cytometry. In both technologies, the trigger for a count is derived from single cells (Diaper et al. 1992). We also have culture techniques that rely on growth of microbes to a level where they are visible. This is done under specific conditions of temperature, oxygen, time and nutrients among others. The last technique employed is that of reporter assays which asses the population of microbes through their metabolic activities. The population does not necessarily have to be growing. Examples of such techniques include conductance, colorimetry, adenosine triphosphate (ATP) and turbidometry (Bowden 1977). Counting of microorganisms can be done by different methods. In most cases the sample to be counted is first diluted to avoid overwhelming the whole counting procedure. However in some cases, the sample may be too dilute to give the required minimum count to be able to estimate the microbial population of that sample. In such cases, concentration of the sample is carried out. Counting can be done by use of a slide and a cover slip. A drop of the diluted sample is put on the slide with a suitable agent for proper visualization of the sample. It is then covered wit a cover slip and put under a microscope and observed at a suitable magnification. The centre area can be dimensioned with etched grids. The number of microbes in the grids is multiplied by the dilution factor to get the number in the original sample (Black 1996). The Petri dish count is where the sample is diluted to a point where the colonies will be statistically significant to be counted but not so many to overgrow each other. This method takes time for the individual cells to grow into colonies. The colonies counted are multiplied by the dilution factor to get the number in the original sample. The results here are expressed in colony forming units per milliliter i.e. CFU/ML. The time taken for the cells to grow into individual colonies is called the incubation period. Counting of microbes is important as it enables us estimate the microbial population in a variety of products (Breeuwer et al. 1994). 4. Total count. Total count is also termed as standard plate count or colony count. It gives the total number of microbes both viable and non-viable. All cells are counted. These include bacteria, yeasts and moulds. It is usually done by pour plate method. Total count generally requires employment of a microscope. For instance, when determining total microbial count in water by pour plate, a known volume of water is mixed with molten yeast-malt extract agar and given time to solidify. This is done on several plates. One set of plates are incubated at 37Â °C for about 24 hours and the other set of plates are incubated at 20-22Â °C for 3 days. You will find that most bacteria capable of growth in water do so well at 22Â °C than at higher temperatures. While the microbes that grow well at 37Â °C will not grow very well in water. This means that the two types of microorganisms need to be counted differently since they differ in their growth pattern. In this case, carrying out of total count on water is beneficial in several ways (Paulse, Jackson and Khan 2007). It helps to evaluate the efficiency of certain water treatment processes like coagulation, flocculation and disinfection. It also gives an indication of the level of cleanliness of the water distribution system. It can also be used it d etermine the suitability of water supply to firms where food and drinks are prepared on large scale. Total count is achieved either by use of direct or indirect counts. One method of direct count is the use of a haemocytometer. A haemocytometer is a specialized microscope slide important in cell counting. The central part of this slide has etched grids with precisely spaced lines to enable accurate counting. In order to get an accurate count in this method, the cell number should range between 40 to 70 cells in a one mm square. If this requirement is not met, necessary adjustments by either dilution or concentration are done as necessary (Rapposch, Zangerl and Ginzinger 2000). In indirect counts, one method is by use of a colorimeter. As the microorganisms grow with time, they make the agar more and more turbid. This turbidity can be measured by use of a colorimeter where optical density is measured. The greater the optical density the greater the number of microbes (Breeuwer et al. 1995). There is also a measure of dry weight. This method involves centrifugation followed by weighing to get the dry weight. The limitation of this method is that cells are destroyed The other indirect count method involves the use of a coulter counter. A coulter counter is a probe which measures variation in conductivity of a solution as a bacteria passes through a narrow gap (Daley 1979). The advantage of direct and indirect counts is that the process can be automated but the disadvantage is that they can not differentiate dead cells from living ones. 5. Viable count. Viable cont involves counting of colonies produced by only viable cells under favorable growth conditions. This can be accomplished by techniques like pour plating, spread plating and most probable number with an assumption that each and every viable cell gives rise to a pure colony. (Black 1996). In pour plating, the liquid media and the diluted sample are poured together in Petri dishes while still in liquid form and left to solidify. After solidifying, the Petri dishes are incubated at appropriate temperature for the required period of time during which the growth is realized. The plates are then removed and distinct colonies counted and expressed in colony forming units per ml. In spread plating, the media is prepared separately and poured in Petri dishes while still in liquid form. It is then left to solidify. After solidifying, a small known volume from the diluted sample is put to each Petri dish and with the help of a sterilized spreading rod, the sample is evenly spread over the media. The plates are then incubated at an appropriate temperature for a given period during which growth is realized. The plates are then taken for counting of colonies using magnifying lens (Black 1996). Colonies grown in Petri dishes by various methods excluding streaking method may be used to estimate the count of viable microbes since plate counts assume that every colony is founded by a single cell and that the cell must have been alive to grow and form that colony. Problems with plate counts are several. They require a long time of incubation to be able to visualize the colonies. Clumping of cells can lead to undercounting of viable cells. Cases of too many or too few colonies on a plate to accurately estimate viable count are common. Serial dilution is often required to prevent cases of overcrowding of cells. Too few cells require concentration by either centrifugation or filtration. In a case where too few colonies are present then the original culture must be concentrated before determining the plate count. Filtration is a method used to concentrate microorganisms by sieving microbes out of the medium. Centrifugation is also a separation method based on the density. This helps separate the microbes from the medium since both have different densities (Pettipher, Mansell, McKinnon and Cousins 1980). . In serial dilution, increments are made in 1000, 100, or 10. The number of dilutions to be done depends on the concentration of the original solution and the required concentration. The volume of the solution needed is also vital. If small quantities of solutions are needed then greater numbers of dilutions are necessary. Serial dilution allows small aliquots to be diluted instead of unnecessary big volumes of materials. When carrying out serial dilution, a small amount of original sample is removed to another container and its volume adjusted to original volume using a suitable buffer or distilled water e.g. if 1ml of the original solution is taken and 10Â µL removed and put in 990Â µL of media or water then we will have made a 1:100 dilution. If the original solution contained 5 x 106 cells/mL then we now have a concentration of 5 x 104cells/mL because we have divided the concentration by 100 (Pettipher, Mansell, McKinnon and Cousins 1980). Another method of determining approximate viable count is by use of most probable number. This method involves diluting the growth cultures and then growing the dilution cultures in broth tubes. This method is useful where it is beneficial to use broth other than solid media especially for highly motile organisms which are poor in forming colonies. The most probable number method is mostly used when the organism in question is not able to grow on solid agar or in situations where the microorganisms are too few to give reliable measure of population size by the standard plate count method (Black 1996). The advantage of viable count is that the method can be made very sensitive and that one can be able to count subsets of population. However the disadvantage is that sometimes the colony forming units may underestimate the number of cells because of clumping or chains of cells. It is also time consuming as the counts require at least few hours or overnight for incubation (Bowden 1977). Viable count of microbes is mostly applicable in food processing industries mostly dairy and meat processing plants where microbiology is most applicable. It helps in estimation of shelf life of processed food products as well as evaluation of sanitary conditions under which the products were manufactured. The efficiency of certain treatment processes like pasteurization, sterilization and cold storage done during production is also evaluated by viable microbial count. 6. Conclusion. Total and viable counts of microorganisms are important practices in microbiology applicable in fields of medicine, food among others. The main difference between the two is that total count determines the count of all cells both dead and alive while viable count estimate the number of viable or live cells only capable of growing into distinct colonies.

I Am a Vegetarian :: Personal Narrative Essays

Why I Am a Vegetarian    In October of last year I finally became a vegetarian, meaning that I chose to not eat meat products anymore. Technically, I am a lacto-ovo vegetarian because I do eat eggs (ovo-) and milk (lacto-) on occasion and not a vegan-one who doesn't eat any animal products. My first year as a vegetarian has been very revealing. Since adopting this new identity, I have learned a lot about myself as well as others.   Here I write about why I am a vegetarian and what I have learned since becoming one. In doing so, I hope to dispel some misunderstandings about vegetarians and to reveal some unappreciated aspects about what it takes to become and remain a vegetarian. Please understand that I speak for one vegetarian and not for vegetarians in general. Although vegetarians come in many forms, they are often thought to hold to a few set positions. Unfortunately, as is often the case, ascribing all (or most) vegetarians to specific camps is improper. One suspected position claims that it is wrong (or immoral) to eat meat-an act that obviously requires the slaughtering of the animal in question. Though some vegetarians hold to this position, I do not. While it is problematic that people eat excessive amounts of meat, eating meat isn't immoral in my view. And while I don't think meat eaters are somehow wrong, I certainly can understand and respect the position that eating meat is immoral. A second stereotypic position holds that vegetarians despise meat eaters. While there are certainly vegetarians that have issues with meat eaters, I suspect they are no more than the number of meat eaters that find vegetarians objectionable for some reason or another. I believe there are many acceptable ways to think and act and, thus, I d on't begrudge those that eat meat or those that choose to think that it is immoral to do so. The two primary reasons I choose to be a vegetarian are out of consideration for health (mine and others) and a sense of obligation to live a less-demanding, more equitable life. While some might think that these motivations are noble, I hardly think so. I think they are an ample mix of selfish and collective concerns, ones that recognize my desire to live a long, healthy life and at the same time wishing and allowing the same for others.

Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique Essay example -- Research Analysis, L

Throughout this essay, a thorough analysis will be made in relation to specific research on cultures of work in a particular work place. The workplace that will be focused on throughout this essay is a ladies fashion boutique. The main argument will focus on discourses of management throughout the concepts of what is considered as work in the retail sector, how the working environment is managed throughout the fashion industry, commitment in the workplace and relationship of teamwork. All these aspects of work will be tied in together to form a research based argument in relation to the fashion boutique. In order to produce a contextual framework of the notion of work, research will be based on primary research from an interview with the manager of the ladies fashion boutique and observations of the boutique. Throughout the use of the interviewing being incorporated into this essay, theoretical concepts and scholarly articles will be used to back up the focus on discourses of managem ent within the perspective of what is considered as work in the work place. Due to ethical reasons, I will be making reference to the manager of the boutique by the name of Anna. In reference to the notion of work within the ladies fashion boutique, before focusing on that, firstly a brief overview about the company, the workplace and what it provides to customers and the fashion industry. The ladies fashion company offers a diverse range of fashion clothing and accessories for contemporary Australian woman. The wide clothing range caters for women that are 25 years of age and up as well as offering sizes ranged from 8 to 16 to suit their individual needs. The retail sector has become a significant focus throughout the fashion industry and the way... ...ries to consumers. In conclusion, throughout this essay, it has become evident that there are various discourses of management within the workplace environment. Specifically, in relation the Ladies Fashion Clothing Boutique being the main case study throughout the above discussion in overall relation to the topic of cultures of work within the workplace environment. Thorough contextual research has been analysed and discussed in relation to what is considered as work, commitment in the workplace and the notion of teamwork within the workplace, all in accordance to the above relevant case study. Evidently, inclusion of primary research methods from interview questions and observations of the workplace have thoroughly been put into context with theoretical concepts within cultures of work as well as consistent support from scholarly articles and books.

Help Desks :: essays research papers

Help desks must help themselves: With no relief in sight, help desks need to be given the right resources.(Industry Trend or Event)Author/s: Stannie HoltThe internal help desk has a precarious position in today's enterprise. Like Rodney Dangerfield, the help desk staff often gets no respect from its internal customers nor from executives who see them only as a cost center. But other times, like Obi-Wan Kenobi in Star Wars, they're your only hope.Insiders say that even though information technology is essential to productivity these days, minding the help desk is a thankless job whose burden will only increase over the next few years as IT's size and complexity multiplies. But there is a light at the end of the tunnel: Better-designed applications, more effective integration, and more Web interfaces could cut down on the IT clutter and therefore the help desk workload -- but not for years to come."The trend for service centers [or help desks] today is we get more and more stuff to support and more and more [IT] complexity," said Renee Seay, senior manager for IT Customer Service at semiconductor maker AMD, in Sunnyvale, Calif.Analysts say most large organizations use 30 to 50 different applications and types of hardware. Some companies have separate help desks for different products, but most prefer the convenience of a centralized service desk.According to Kurt Johnson, vice president of service management at the Meta Group, in Stamford, Conn., in the past decade the number of calls to internal help desks has risen from one or one-and-a-half per employee per month to two calls, and is likely to hit three or more within a few years.There are several reasons for this growth, and they are not all bad, according to Johnson. First, there is "the continued proliferation of technology on the desktop," he said.For example, enterprise resource planning (ERP) vendors such as SAP are trying to expand the scope of their manufacturing and financial- ori ented applications so a broader range of people can use them.Moreover, many ERP vendors are offering self-service features, such as letting all employees directly look up their available vacation days, which means everyone must have access to these applications, not just the human resources department, Johnson said.On the other hand, such self-service applications can also be a good way to cut down on calls by letting employees look up their own answers on a FAQ list or database, according to Cecil Lawson, director of executive services at Remedy, in Mountain View, Calif.

Reward Management

Since the Industrial Revolution the approach of HR changed from a pure financial approach to a core function within the business1. Human Resource could be considered nowadays as the most precious resource a company holds as it constitutes the link between the people and the company’s strategy and goals. HR fulfills this role through 4 main activities: staffing, reward management, employee development and employee maintenance.This paper will focus on reward management and the challenges the company faces in finding the best way to implement a reward management strategy that suits it. Different theories and practices exist; however the company has to consider the needs and desires of its own people and environmental context in order to find the system that best suits the company. Theories and approaches One way to illustrate the link between different HRM activities is the Fombrun, Tichy and Devanna model. According to this model, HRM has 4 key activities: Selection, Performance , development and Rewards.Even though this model is said to leaves out the notion of management’s strategic choice, it shows the coherence of internal HRM policies and the importance of matching internal HRM policies and practices to the organization’s external business strategy2. Source: John Bratton, Jeffrey Gold (2000), Human resource management: theory and practice, second edition 1 See appendix I – source : Jean Moisset, Pierre Toussaint, Jean Plante(2003), La gestion des ressources humaines pour la rà ©ussite scolaire, presse de l’università © du Quà ©bec 2 John Bratton, Jeffrey Gold (2000), Human resource management: theory and practice, Second edition Thereby, it can be said that reward management is very closely linked to employee retention, training and development and strategic HRM.And without a clever practice of these activities, a reward management cannot be successful. Reward management was born because managers had to motivate their emp loyees in order to reach company’s objectives. â€Å"A great deal of the ideology of work is directed at getting men to take work seriously when they know that it is a joke†3 . Motivating the staff became a concern as soon as a positive relation between motivation and high performance was demonstrated.Motivation is not only used to achieve a certain amount of output needed to align with company’s goals, but also put in the work of the employees an humane and selfsatisfying aspect. Throughout the last centuries, many studies have been made. Some studies focused on what people value as a decent reward, thereby â€Å"how to reward† (content theories) and others focused on the effect of a certain reward system, â€Å"why† implementing this system (process theories). Among content theorist Taylor can be mentioned. For him, people were rational and only driven by financial rewards.Then, the Hawthorne studies showed social needs were as important as econo mic needs. Abraham Maslow developed a pyramid expressing a hierarchy of needs: physiological>safety>belongingness>esteem>self-actualization. Each person stands at a certain level and will need specific motivators. Some other content theories are motivation factors of Herzberg or Mc Gregors’ theory. From the simple idea of economic motivator, theories have moved towards the idea of needs. Secondly, process theories of motivation explain why a reward system has to be implemented.A first theory, the organizational justice, gives that employees need to perceive the organization as fair. Either through the fairness of the rewards which are distributed (distributive justice) or through the procedures used to allocate rewards (procedural). The equity theory relies on the idea that individual assess fairness through the comparison with others who are in similar situations. Some also say that employees’ behavior depends on what they expect to occur. This is the expectancy theor y. Employees ask themselves three questions in order to decide how to behave: What’s in for me?How hard I have to work to get it? What are the real chances of getting the reward if I do what my boss wants? And finally, the goal- 3 Thompson, A. & Ryan, A. J. (2010) â€Å"Employee reward† in: Beardwell, J. & T. Claydon, Human resource management: A Contemporary Approach, Harlow: Prentice Hall, 6th edition, pp. 490-530. 3 setting theory stipulates employees want to work towards challenging, yet not impossible, goals. Process theories underline that behavior is affected by individual differences, experiences and features of the organization.Employees evaluate the rewards obtainable for behaving in a certain manner and act consequently. However, people do not always behave consciously and when they behave in a certain way, they may not be aware of the behavioral options. Practically, there are two steps in the development of a reward management strategy. First, there is eva luation of capacities, position and potentiality of the individual. Then, focus is set on the remuneration. This can be monetary or not. Employee’s surveys are used to develop HR policies and practices.Through those surveys, it has been found that â€Å"pay is only one of a number of factors that motivates staff, and may not always be the most important one†. 4 The monetary reward system is simply defined as the salary increase which can be calculated by different available systems (payment by result, performance related pay, financial participation) whereas the non-monetary type refers to the motivation and gratification of the employee. This is done through a psychological contract based on the concept of mutual understanding of obligations and promises made between worker and employer.There are two different types of psychological contracts: transactional, based on the monetary aspect and relational, rather based on people. This shows the importance of the environme nt in which people work. A good reward management system is able â€Å"to attract, maintain and motivate people to work for the company†5. 4 Armstrong M. , Thompson P. , Brown D. and Cotton C. (2006), Reward Management, Symposium Report, ereward and Chartered Institute of Personnel and Development, February 5 Henry L. Tosi and Massimo Pilati (2008),†People management† in Compertamento organizzativo, Egea†¢ basepay †¢ contingency pay (for performnace, competences or contribution) †¢ variable pay (cashbonus) †¢ share ownership †¢ benefits non finanlcial rewards financial reward †¢ arising form the wprk itself and environment †¢ recognition and responsability †¢ meaningfull work †¢ autonomy †¢ opportunity to use and develop skills †¢ carreer opportinities †¢ quality of working life †¢ work life balance †¢ COMPONENTS OF TOTAL REWARD Source: Michael Amstrong, Helen Murlis, Reward management: a handbo ok of remuneration strategy and practice, Hay Group, 5th editionThe main problem of reward management is that both the evaluation and remuneration process are dependent from market forces (comparisons, competition, unions, types of regime) and from internal management forces. The variation of the pay system can therefore cause a state of compression or dispersion of the employees which is translated in homogeneous or diversified payments within the company. These systems have both benefits and costs. As we have seen, reward management systems can be characterized by different approaches and theories.However, there is a trend towards transparency and homogenization and some key factors are repeated: balance between pay and benefits, work life balance, individual growth and development, and positive workplace. These can now be observed in some important companies such as Yorshire Water, Severen Trent Water and Das Legal Expases. Nevertheless, the theories and approaches are not always used in practice. This was due to a gap between evidence and practice, known as the â€Å"knowing-doing gap†. It has been shown that although theoretical reward strategies exist, business do not have enough time to implement them6 .Reward case In our specific case we can observe how Yorkshire Water, Severn Trent Water, Yahoo Europe, DAS Legal Expenses, Carlson Wagonlit and Isotron, who were not using the 6 Jean Moisset, Pierre Toussaint, Jean Plante(2003), La gestion des ressources humaines pour la rà ©ussite scolaire, presse de l’università © du Quà ©bec 5 appropriate reward system, changed their systems. They tried to adapt to their employees and give them the right motivational factor to work for the company. In each company there are some elements that were not taken into consideration.So, for an effective strategy the enterprises should analyze their environment and take into consideration all the players that can influence or that can be an obstacle to implem ent the right payment. Some of these can be unions, external factors, employee conditions, health and security, motivation, competences and retiring. Only after a broad vision of needs and conditions, companies can set up the right payment system. Ideally, it should also be flexible so that it can be modified according to the business development and environmental changes7.Wal-Mart Wal-Mart is listed as one of the worse companies to work for. As we can see from different sources8, it has a very poor view of its employees and they have several problems when it comes to rewarding them. Their reward system doesn’t take into consideration the motives and needs of its people. There is no link between performance and compensation. The company doesn’t apply the â€Å"attract, maintain and motivate people to work for the company†9 policy. We also note discrimination, favoritism, no respect for the individuals and their private life in Wal-Mart’s work conditions.T he key factors of reward management â€Å"balance between pay and benefits, work life balance, individual growth and development, and positive workplace† are absent in Wal-Mart. All of these observations have a direct impact on the company. Previous employees organized a protest against the expansion of the company in New York, and attest of the bad work conditions in shops. Due also to a high turnover; people don’t want to work under these conditions and the lack of communication leads to short term relationship between the shop managers and employees.Wal-Mart employees’ are not integrated in the company, they don’t feel like they belong to it and it hinders goal achievement. From a theoretical perspective, Wal-Mart’s reward system doesn’t match neither Taylor theory (the pay is not high enough), nor Hawthorne’s, (it doesn’t take into consideration the 7 Gilman, M. W. (2009) â€Å"Reward management†, in: Redman, T. ; Wi lkinson, A. , Contemporary Human Resource Management. London: Prentice Hall, 3rd edition, pp. 170-172 8 See Appendix II: Glassdoor , Wal-Mart salaries, , (30 November 2011) and Aling, channel of NYJWJ, Walmart workers speak out about busive th working conditions, , (19 February 2011) 9 Henry L. Tosi and Massimo Pilati (2008),†People management† in Compertamento organizzativo, Egea 6 social needs of the employees), nor Maslow’s pyramid, (basic needs, safety, belongingness, esteem and self-actualization are missing), nor Herzberg’s, (there is no the motivational aspect). To redesign this reward system, we propose one that is based on payment by result, where employees are rewarded according to worked hours.Workers will thereby perceive the company as fair, and Wal-Mart will keep its policy of â€Å"as low wages as possible†, both sides will be satisfied. As monetary reward is not really the most important kind, non-monetary compensations should also be used. There should be an emphasis workforce’s needs by implementing a decent health care plan. Paying attention to their physiological needs, social esteem, self-fulfillment, possibility of growth, will answer their expectation and make them do their best and work at their highest potential (the expectancy theory).Thus, the strategic goals of the company would be more easily reached. Instating a corporate culture would be another recommendation; it will create a togetherness spirit and will ensure that the employees work in line with the company’s vision. The firm is also encouraged to ask for feedback from its staff, so it will identify the most important problems and try solving them. Moreover, applying the goal-setting theory could increase employees’ motivation. Wal-Mart can determine some challenging goals with reward given on achievement, employee of the month or special prizes for instance.As far as the equal treatment of the employees in terms of reward is concerned, there has to be a difference of pay between different types of employees according to differences in terms of work and responsibilities. Those with more responsibilities could be given extra perks for example. By doing so, Wal-Mart will have a better workplace environment, reduce the negative impacts that we stated above, and enhance the commitment of its employees to the firm. Conclusion In the fast-moving and changing globalized context nowadays, companies face fierce competition and pressures.Reaching strategic goals becomes increasingly challenging. In order to do so, a company needs its people, from top managers to employees to be â€Å"engaged 7 and productive†10. Reward management motivates staff with financial compensations and benefits but in certain contexts, these reveal to be insufficient to retain talent. Workforce also takes into account the learning and development opportunities and the work environment. Although a good reward management enhances business performance, the Wal-Mart case illustrates that, some companies present a complete lack of reward management and have to cope with negative consequences. Reward Management Management and OrganizationAbstract As an organization it is very important for the human resources to control employees, motivate them and ensure productivity. Business owners are searching ways to reduce the costs and maximize quality so it is very important to get the most out of every employee. One way to do this is reward systems. In this paper we are going to analyze the reward system parameters and discuss about evaluation criteria.Introduction According to Burack an incentive or reward may be used to motivate an individual or group. A reward can be anything that attracts the employee and make them work in joy. Ä °ncentive programs are mostly monetary but it may also include non-monetary rewards such as recognition, training, development and increased job responsibility. The French says that paying can be two ways:1. Fixed Salary2. Reward linked to performance. Payment is happening one period to another depending on quantity or quality of work. The worker are paid according t o work completed or items produced. The most important thing about rewarding system is to seperate the †salary† from †reward†. So rewarding system is needed to †pay off† employees their performance, and also they will enchance employee motivation in order to make the firm reach its goals. Also rewards improve consistency of services and reduces absences of the employee. Rewards make the firm a great and attractive place to work, making employees happier and well-trained. Having such employees will also attract customers, can you think of a better advertisement?The Key Features Reward plans include monetary and non monetary elements. This will be better  to match the needs of the organization and employees. The goals that the reward system is serving to has to be identified. Planning the incentive to be accurate and on time will be the basis of very succesful rewarding in order to make better workplace and organization. As a manager the plans hav e to setted by communicating the employees and deciding what is the most appropiate reward. Providing monitoring systems such as feedback will lead to succesful and accurate incentive. Rather than the quantity, the quality of the work should be more important for the manager.Designing Reward and Recognition A very good example for recognition may be †the employee of the month† frame at businesses. It is a psychological reward that seperates the employee from its peers by the work he/she has done. Also as we have said before rewards can be tangible. It is very important for the firm to do effective rewarding system so that none of the employees will feel bad or useless for the organization. There are some essential factors for the rewarding system: The rewards must be observable for all of the employees. So that everyone will be sure that the rewarding system is made fairly.The reward system needs to have realistic standarts that make the employees satisfied. The rewardin g plan has to be clear and standartized to make sure that all the members can calculate the reward they will get for a certain effort. The standards of the reward plan has to be set high but realistic, specific, satisfying and effective. Standard is a plan that should not be changed is no necessary situations because it is a contract between firm and the employee. The rewards should be given oftenly to encourage high performance.Types of Rewards:1. Monetary Rewards: Monetary reward is the large raise or bonus payment that company is willing to give to the employee in order to motivate the job performance and meeting certain objectives. These bonus payments may be quick-motivators for the company. Good payments, incentives will make employees challange themselves but setting too much requirements will make the reward ignored. Also profit sharing will lead the employees to contribute more to achieve the profit goals of the company. Stock options  become popular in these recent years , this gives employees the right to buy limited number for a fixed price. This option is a long-term motivator for the organization. Some benefit package may be given to employee such as insurance, good retirement, company gifts, meals, entertainment, flexible working hours, housing etc.2. Non-Monetary Rewards: Reputation and recognition is very important for a person to feel important and valued. The company should make it clear for the employees that good performance will be recognized. Some examples may be: writing employee thank note, bigger desk, gift cards, personalized coffee mugs, games room, gym, child care, impressive job title, own visiting cards, own secretary etc. Also some informal incentives may be leaving early or coming late etc. Individuals are interested in getting others attention and increasing reputation.Conclusion As Herzberg and Maslow states: The physiological and psychological needs and desires of employees must be met and maintained to keep them motivated. So it is important to satisfy the employees in order to keep getting tasks done and achieving goals. Both internal and external motivators need to be used to keep the employee happy and good performing.

The Wealth Beneath Your Feet

SOIL LAB: The Wealth Beneath Your Feet Purpose: To determine potential growth based on tests of physical characteristics such as pH, fertility and consistency. Pre-Lab: TO start off our investigation, we had to gather soil. Our group decided to get it from below a tree, right next to the trunk. In terms on fertility, we rated our soil to be a 4 (1 being the least fertile, 10 being the most). We rated it rather high because it was in a place where it had not been tampered with making it better than others. Also, it was quite dark and matched up very well with diagrams online of fertile soil. (http://www. enchantedlearning. com/geology/soil/) TEST ONE: Collection of Soil and Observation of Soil Profile The first layer (O) we observed is the top layer, a layer of organic soil. It is made up of humus and leaf sediment. Below that (A) comes the topsoil. This is where seeds sprout and other plants roots grow. This layer is also made up of humus, but here are other mineral particles as well. Next is the eluviation layer (E). This layer contains mostly sand and silt. It is the eluviation layer because of the process that takes place here where minerals are lost as well as clay because of water dripping through the soil. The subsoil layer is next (B). This layer is made up of clay and mineral substances, it receives from the eater being dripped during the form the eluviation process eluviation process. ,Regoliath (C) lies beneath and is mostly just broken up bedrock. Lastly is the actual bedrock layer (R), essentially just unweathered rock.

Effects of Dota

Computer Game Addiction â€Å"Responsible gaming is an attitude we need if we are engage into Computer Game. Developing this attitude is not a personal choice alone, it requires the participation of society (parents, school, game developer and government). â€Å" As a computer game user,player and fan, it has led me to study the effects of playing computer games such as DOTA, KHAN, and other highly innovative and competitively graphical games. The purpose of the study was to establish an understanding of to what extent is the effect of playing online games, network games and other types to the studies of the students in the university where I graduated. While it was difficult to set a parameter of classifying games according to types and quality since I and my friend believed that the characteristics of the games have something to do with the addiction of students to playing, we thought that it would be safe to just assume games as if have the same characteristics even though these games are under of different types and of the different level of complex graphical presentation, level of real-time experiences, the plot of story it is trying to project and a lot more qualities. Thus, if we quantify the effects then assumption holds that each game that we have studied has a relatively the same impact to students considering its character/quality. However, the extent of its impact is relatively different when we talk about the degree of variation to students experiences towards gaming. This shows therefore that in studying game addiction, it requires a rigid classification and parameter identification to clearly qualify and quantify the impact of this activity to the life of students and Human in general. I encountered several unique experiences when we did the study, and it has given me knowledge on the magnitude of effects whether it is health, study, social, and family and even money issues. One of result says that female players is exactly the same compared to male players when it comes the time of engagement to games. This means that women has started playing games as early as 4 years old as the time of engagement of men revealed, and they women also spent closely 5 to 8 hrs on the average everyday just like men does. † The proceeding discussion will talk about the games, the different types of game and the hundreds available game in the market. Posted on Tuesday, 17. 02. 09 @ 10:55 PM Effects of DoTA It is a kind of neither a game that excites the students to play because of the new updates that come across that game, Data can be an online game nor a local game, can be played by group. This is a kind of character game, means that they're aiming a good character. This is a bloody game on computer. There are many students and even some young professional are addicted to Defense of the Ancients or Data. This is a kind of computer games that can be played by many players and is one of the most popular games to young students.Many students get addicted to this game and they even long hours inside the computer shop Just playing this kind of game. There are studies that getting addicted in playing computer games affects their studies and this is the cause why hey are lying to their parents that they need extra money for their school project but the truth is they are Just using the money to rent a computer where they can play Data with their classmates.Sometimes in order to make the game exciting, they have a deal to pay those who won the game so it becomes already a form of gambling. When time spent on the computer, playing Data games or cruising the internet reaches a point that it harms a child's or adult's family and social relationships, or disrupts school or work life, that person maybe caught in a cycle of addiction. Like there addictions, Data game has replaced friends and family as the source of a person, emotional life.Increasingly, to feel good, the addicted person spends more time playing video games or searching the internet. When a person spends up to ten hours a day or more rearranging or sending files, playing games, surfing the net, visiting chat rooms, instant messaging, and reading emails. That easily can reach up to seventy to eighty hours a week online with the computer. Major social, school or work disruptions will result.Description of Researcher's Role In this study we had many roles to be tag along and to be acted upon depending n the situa tion. In our research we, the researchers are the instruments. We interact and collaborate with our respondents and gathers data by ourselves. However, in quantitative research, we are non-existent we use instruments to collect data and do not interact with our respondents. These roles and their accompanying broadly stated problems for deliberation are suitable to the Collaborative Research Model in mind.We the researcher's of this case applied these roles: We conducted interviews on our respondents: Data players/addicts Researched some information's in the internet regarding in our case Read books in the library for the aromas Joint our opinions with regards to the topic We considered our limitations in conducting the interview Conclusion After gathering information during our interview and analyzing the information on the case of the effects of Data, we therefore conclude that this Data game has a great effect to the person who are playing on it and come to an end of addiction.The player of this game doesn't matter with their ages and status. From the young to adults Data is the game that is mostly played. It also leads the players to make risky behavior that tends Data players forget their obligations and also their personal Hygiene. Data also complicates relationship on family, friends and special someone. As a whole Data can change the lives of the people who used to play this game. Schematic Diagram Body Data Origin DATA was originally created by a legendary mapmaker called Just by his alias â€Å"Lull† (hence the item Eel's Scepter of Divinity) on of Warrant Ill : Reign of Chaos World Editor.Upon the release of the Frozen Throne expansion, Lull failed to update his map and generous enough to let others develop the map into what we known today as DATA Alistair by another mapmaker called â€Å"Guising† (hence also the item Guising). With the great features of World Editor, DATA maps was even more creatively developed in the 6. X versions by today's DATA Alistair main programmer called â€Å"Iceberg†. Until today, Iceberg declares official map editions of DATA even though many other World Editor mapmakers edit DATA maps in subtle different ways.World Editor is a JOSS-Asynchronous Scripting Syntax)-based application software used to create and edit AD game maps in Blizzard ‘s Warrant Ill. The mapmaker can custom the game through existing virtual palette for units, buildings structures, terrains, sectors, and cameras views. There is also an added pallet imported from Statecraft map editor called doodads (for waters, trees, bushes, boulders, skeletons, fire pits, and others). SASS programmers can specify triggers on how units respond to specific events in the game. These triggers are the building blocks of Data's gamesman.It is the reason why neutral units would retaliate when being attacked and all surrounding enemy units to attack Axe when he pumped the berserker call skill. Any instruction from the gamer pr ompts a trigger and so on with other triggers – a chain reaction of triggers. The editor of Warrant maps and game customs has really surpassed all other forms of game editor in the sense that even novice mapmakers can understand and can easily get along. No wonder why Ells have given up so much inspiration to custom Warrant games the way we wanted to, and customize the map that we always want to play to – the DATA Alistair.So before Iceberg customized the most popular version of DATA Alistair, before Guising updated DATA into Alistair, and before Ells created the DATA custom game, the Blizzard programmers had already handed down to us this great World Editor to kick that creativeness out of gamers lawful minds. Warrant, in general, and DATA Alistair, in particular, may not be this dynamic without the World Editor's provision to enrich the game itself in the farthest way Blizzard could have imagined. The History of Data Much of Defense of the Ancient's gamely stems from inspirations from the Neon of Strife map, available for both Statecraft and Warrant 3.Neon of Strife, also known as ASS, is a modified map that pioneered the concept of players choosing a single hero for the collective objective of destroying the opposing team's base (relatively a new concept for ARTS games). To accomplish this goal, players employ a myriad of strategies based on teamwork and competitive play. Ass-type maps may include many differing features and functions to increase the level of competitive play (I. E. Items that give power, towers that alter gamely, and objectives that win the game).Defense of the Ancient was originally created for Warrant Ill: Reign of Chaos by lead programmer Lull up until the release of Warrant Ill: The Frozen Throne. Lull did not continue development onto The Frozen Throne; and instead, made the map open source before officially shutting down development. In the following days/weeks of Eel's absence, many different variations of Data began t o pop-up including: Data Darkness Falls Data Chaos Data All-stars *other variations exist, but the chronological order is as of yet unconfirmed.From the sea of selection, however, Data All-stars became the most popular version, and is still the most widely played map today. Balancing Studies and DATA The more you excel in Data, the more you flunk at school. -not true. Improving in Data is not all about playing 10 or more games per day. Players improve by how well they learn after winning or losing a game (most of the time in losing). Players who are hard headed and don't believe that they lost because what they are doing is wrong, will never be a better player. The best way to balance studies and Data is having strategies for both.These strategies are the things you're going to think of on how you're going to improve quickly. 1. Pay attention at school. Most players are spending all night playing Data and still daydream about Data when it's school time. You have to focus on what you 're doing at the moment. If you are in the classroom, listen, take notes, do your seat works. Forget anything else unrelated to your studies. . Play moderately. Do not exhaust yourself too much to avoid getting dizzy at school in the morning or worst getting absent/late. Also, you have to reserve energy to study for announced/unannounced quizzes. . Pay attention at your game. When it's playtime, play wisely. Use your limited time to the fullest. 2 or 3 games every afternoon are enough to be a great player after 1 or 2 months. You have to focus on your strengths and weaknesses. Develop your strengths and convert your weaknesses to strengths. 4. Observe the factors that affect your studies. If you find it hard to study after laying, you should study first before playing. In my case, I find it hard to study after losing therefore I used Data as a reward after studying. 5. Know when not to play. Be the master of your own body.If you have a report on the following day or an examination, chances are you need more time for that. You have to sacrifice playing which is not and shouldn't be your priority. 6. Don't mind the insults. If you are insulted for being a weak player, don't be offended causing you to play more hours trying to prove to them that you are a great player. Be offended if you're scolded by your teacher for not doing a simple emperor because of playing all night. 7. Cutting-class is a drug. You try it once, you'll get addicted. Never cut-class if you want to graduate on time. 8. Know when to quit.Know when Data cannot be included in your schedule anymore. For example, in my case, I have to do advance reading and projects. I gave up playing competitive Data and Just play whenever I'm free (twice or thrice a week). Now that I am a lot busier, I'm going to update my blob twice per week instead of everyday. Just like any sport, Data shouldn't be treated as a priority. Play it for fun and play it moderately. Rules in Data Like any other games Data itself ha s its rules. 1. Leaving a game or the use of hacks will result in a ban. 2. If either team has less than 4 people remaining, you may leave without a ban.If the opponents are down one player, and you want to leave to make it even, all allies must agree to it in ALL chat.. 3. Forfeit is allowed after 50 minutes have past and your entire team agrees in all chat by saying â€Å"IF† or â€Å"forfeit†. In a vi, the team of 4 can forfeit after 30 minutes. 4. Remake is allowed if 6 or more players agree (at least 2 from each team). Remake is also allowed if someone leaves in the first 15 minutes ND 3 or more people agree to remake within the next 2 minutes. 5. Going AFC frequently or for long periods may result in a ban. 6.Intentional game ruining things like item stealing from allies and creep blocking are bankable. 7. You may not telephoto into an enemy base without your creeps there, any other backcombing IS allowed. 8. Racism or extreme trash talking may result in a report for review by a neutral moderator. 9. Swapping players without their consent is bankable Data Heroes Karakul, Troll Warlord He has gar attack strength after crisis level 6 provided correct items are chosen. Troll is best hero in data because of his matter bash and attack speed he he very strong skills and perfect item definitely and offense.Tracer, the Drown Ranger Very easy to use yet very strong AS. Does not require complex combination of skills, she Just needs the right combination of items. Best character. When enemy hero silenced and chilled and you have divine rapier. No chance for him Easy to kill enemies. When coming to late game, that's when she shines. She will become unstoppable! Hussar, The Memo Kid I think hussar is the great hero†¦ Best build items†¦ (means, treasure, armlet, and nominator†¦ To Achieve the great and powerful strength of hussar. If you know the correct move, you can kill everybody.HUSSAR is the best among the rest†¦ My best item bui ld( threads, satanic, armlet, ginghams and 2 heart of treasure†¦ ) Dark Terrors, Faceless Void Amazing character. Will be kill with chromospheres plus cranium basher.. I think everybody will feel so SICK. This is the hero that got me caught up in data, from the first time I played him amazing dude. The best killer data. For attack his third skill for stun. And 5 sec chromo to kill INTO hero. Lustful, Auras Warrior Using his artichoke along with overpower really makes us ‘godlike'. Enrage also gets him on top of all the heroes of dot A.Provide him with the abyssal blade, a Shiva's guard and the loather's educe and rest leave to him. His awesome speed can also make a difference. Choose him once and you will never think of another hero. Behold the vela's offering in his claws, anything is undone. Level 4 of Furry Swipes he's ready to reclaim what Reason stole. He has deadly skills and sank kill Russian in level without test Dragon Knight Dragon knight can be anything. Using his skills he can be anything; from a stunner to oilier, and even a pusher. DC is the best HERO 4 me. Because he has a super AS! COOL! 😀 With the ARMOR and REGENT.. Find a way to run..There the Dragon's rage come.. † Bungalow, Electrotype He should be the best because his attack speed and strength is so remarkable when he turns into a wolf. So cool, So awesome. For me bungalow, electrotype is best for me, because even you did not give inventory to him, he still powerful†¦ From bon BUNGALOW CAN BEAT ANYONE Seven, the Rogue Knight Strongest melee heroes, his God Strength beat everything and when the enemy runs†¦ Say hello to Storm Bolt. Seven got the God's Strength no one can beat him with God's Strength even troll he Just go get basher and make for troll he is Tank, Hitter, Stunner, Runner (war cry) and what? s then dagger then stun then hit rampage. Brachium, Spirit Breaker Fast runner and good for the team and wear madness With Mask of madness, power threads and crystals you will be able to make a kill in 4 seconds. Brachium is an awesome hero and with proper items he is unstoppable. Coo he runs fast sometimes it cool. Carded Sharpe, Dwarves Sniper Just try it with an item build of gangs and hash, butterfly, burial-do-Kenyon, monkey inning bar, heart of treasure and power threads. Carded is the best in long range appearance.I know that he is weak, but he can also finish the Job. That's why I chose him than drown ranger and I want you all to use carded because he as great skills (especially by his last skill) and I now he is slow at speed. Fragile yet very strong and precise as the name suggests. He's easy to play as but hard to master. Only a true DATA player can use him at his fullest potential. My advice is to HIT fast and HIT hard. Be Polite. Be Efficient. Be Professional. Never Kill Steal. Assassinate/ Data Heroes for STRENGTHEarthquakes Seven Tiny Skunks Bushmaster Clockwork McKnight Hussar Alchemist Brewster Treat Protector Wisp Centaur Warner Timbers Tusk Axe Budge Sand King Slander Thundered Skeleton King Lifestyles Night Stalker Doom Spirit Breaker Electrotype Chaos Knight Undying Magnums Data Heroes for Agility Anti-Mage Drown Ranger Juggernaut Marina Morphing Phantom Lancer Vengeful Spirit Rick Sniper Template Assassin Ulna Bounty Hunter Auras Gyroscopes Lone Druid Nag Sire Troll warlord Bloodsucker Shadow Fiend Razor Vengeance Faceless Void Phantom Assassin Viper Clinks Bloodmobile Weaver Specter MopeONYX Assassin Clark Medusa Data Heroes for Intelligence Crystal Maiden Puck Storm Spirit Windsurfer Zeus Liana Shadow Shaman Tinker Nature's Prophet Enchantress Jakarta Chem. Silencer Ogre Magi Rubric Disruptor Keeper of the Light Bane Lice Lion Witch Doctor Enigma Necrology Warlock Queen of Pain Death Prophet Pug Dazzle Lasher Dark Seer Batterer Ancient Apparition Invoker Outward Devourer Shadow Demon Visage Advantages and Disadvantages of Data The life style of the youth who have been playing Data is af fected by the game. There are both advantages and disadvantages for them. Let's talk about the advantages iris.As one of the most playable games online, Data can make the players become alert in the mental. They will also turn to be strategic and cooperative. Through computing the magic, damages, gold, physical reduction present and the other stuff, they will get more lore in mathematics. Thus, the youth can get benefits from playing Data. However, not only does the game has advantages, it can also generate the bad effects. It is said that the body system will be weakened. The way the young people think along with their mind will be corrupted. They will not take the money and moral values seriously in life.Heroes in the game often use powerful units. They also have allied heroes and AAA-controlled fighters called â€Å"creeps† who can offer the assistance. Over the mission, gamers are required to purchase the equipment with gold. They have to level up their hero. It may lead them to irresponsibility if they cannot control themselves to deal with time management and priority. They will become lazier and forget the studies. Owing to the game, they may also break the relationships with the family members. What's worse, they will lose their temper and values by the foul languages alike â€Å"Trash talks†.The triggers always exist potentially. More money will be wasted if they cannot stop playing the game. Although the game is funny, you cannot be too addicted. Self-control is extremely important in the modern times. DATA Advantages 1 . Data helps the youth who are playing this game to become mentally alert, cooperative, and strategic. 2. It increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the gold's, damages, magic and physical reduction present in the game. 3. Playing DATA are for the youth to communicate teenagers who initially don't know each other can easily be friends. Effects of DoTA It is a kind of neither a game that excites the students to play because of the new updates that come across that game, Data can be an online game nor a local game, can be played by group. This is a kind of character game, means that they're aiming a good character. This is a bloody game on computer. There are many students and even some young professional are addicted to Defense of the Ancients or Data. This is a kind of computer games that can be played by many players and is one of the most popular games to young students.Many students get addicted to this game and they even long hours inside the computer shop Just playing this kind of game. There are studies that getting addicted in playing computer games affects their studies and this is the cause why hey are lying to their parents that they need extra money for their school project but the truth is they are Just using the money to rent a computer where they can play Data with their classmates.Sometimes in order to make the game exciting, they have a deal to pay those who won the game so it becomes already a form of gambling. When time spent on the computer, playing Data games or cruising the internet reaches a point that it harms a child's or adult's family and social relationships, or disrupts school or work life, that person maybe caught in a cycle of addiction. Like there addictions, Data game has replaced friends and family as the source of a person, emotional life.Increasingly, to feel good, the addicted person spends more time playing video games or searching the internet. When a person spends up to ten hours a day or more rearranging or sending files, playing games, surfing the net, visiting chat rooms, instant messaging, and reading emails. That easily can reach up to seventy to eighty hours a week online with the computer. Major social, school or work disruptions will result.Description of Researcher's Role In this study we had many roles to be tag along and to be acted upon depending n the situa tion. In our research we, the researchers are the instruments. We interact and collaborate with our respondents and gathers data by ourselves. However, in quantitative research, we are non-existent we use instruments to collect data and do not interact with our respondents. These roles and their accompanying broadly stated problems for deliberation are suitable to the Collaborative Research Model in mind.We the researcher's of this case applied these roles: We conducted interviews on our respondents: Data players/addicts Researched some information's in the internet regarding in our case Read books in the library for the aromas Joint our opinions with regards to the topic We considered our limitations in conducting the interview Conclusion After gathering information during our interview and analyzing the information on the case of the effects of Data, we therefore conclude that this Data game has a great effect to the person who are playing on it and come to an end of addiction.The player of this game doesn't matter with their ages and status. From the young to adults Data is the game that is mostly played. It also leads the players to make risky behavior that tends Data players forget their obligations and also their personal Hygiene. Data also complicates relationship on family, friends and special someone. As a whole Data can change the lives of the people who used to play this game. Schematic Diagram Body Data Origin DATA was originally created by a legendary mapmaker called Just by his alias â€Å"Lull† (hence the item Eel's Scepter of Divinity) on of Warrant Ill : Reign of Chaos World Editor.Upon the release of the Frozen Throne expansion, Lull failed to update his map and generous enough to let others develop the map into what we known today as DATA Alistair by another mapmaker called â€Å"Guising† (hence also the item Guising). With the great features of World Editor, DATA maps was even more creatively developed in the 6. X versions by today's DATA Alistair main programmer called â€Å"Iceberg†. Until today, Iceberg declares official map editions of DATA even though many other World Editor mapmakers edit DATA maps in subtle different ways.World Editor is a JOSS-Asynchronous Scripting Syntax)-based application software used to create and edit AD game maps in Blizzard ‘s Warrant Ill. The mapmaker can custom the game through existing virtual palette for units, buildings structures, terrains, sectors, and cameras views. There is also an added pallet imported from Statecraft map editor called doodads (for waters, trees, bushes, boulders, skeletons, fire pits, and others). SASS programmers can specify triggers on how units respond to specific events in the game. These triggers are the building blocks of Data's gamesman.It is the reason why neutral units would retaliate when being attacked and all surrounding enemy units to attack Axe when he pumped the berserker call skill. Any instruction from the gamer pr ompts a trigger and so on with other triggers – a chain reaction of triggers. The editor of Warrant maps and game customs has really surpassed all other forms of game editor in the sense that even novice mapmakers can understand and can easily get along. No wonder why Ells have given up so much inspiration to custom Warrant games the way we wanted to, and customize the map that we always want to play to – the DATA Alistair.So before Iceberg customized the most popular version of DATA Alistair, before Guising updated DATA into Alistair, and before Ells created the DATA custom game, the Blizzard programmers had already handed down to us this great World Editor to kick that creativeness out of gamers lawful minds. Warrant, in general, and DATA Alistair, in particular, may not be this dynamic without the World Editor's provision to enrich the game itself in the farthest way Blizzard could have imagined. The History of Data Much of Defense of the Ancient's gamely stems from inspirations from the Neon of Strife map, available for both Statecraft and Warrant 3.Neon of Strife, also known as ASS, is a modified map that pioneered the concept of players choosing a single hero for the collective objective of destroying the opposing team's base (relatively a new concept for ARTS games). To accomplish this goal, players employ a myriad of strategies based on teamwork and competitive play. Ass-type maps may include many differing features and functions to increase the level of competitive play (I. E. Items that give power, towers that alter gamely, and objectives that win the game).Defense of the Ancient was originally created for Warrant Ill: Reign of Chaos by lead programmer Lull up until the release of Warrant Ill: The Frozen Throne. Lull did not continue development onto The Frozen Throne; and instead, made the map open source before officially shutting down development. In the following days/weeks of Eel's absence, many different variations of Data began t o pop-up including: Data Darkness Falls Data Chaos Data All-stars *other variations exist, but the chronological order is as of yet unconfirmed.From the sea of selection, however, Data All-stars became the most popular version, and is still the most widely played map today. Balancing Studies and DATA The more you excel in Data, the more you flunk at school. -not true. Improving in Data is not all about playing 10 or more games per day. Players improve by how well they learn after winning or losing a game (most of the time in losing). Players who are hard headed and don't believe that they lost because what they are doing is wrong, will never be a better player. The best way to balance studies and Data is having strategies for both.These strategies are the things you're going to think of on how you're going to improve quickly. 1. Pay attention at school. Most players are spending all night playing Data and still daydream about Data when it's school time. You have to focus on what you 're doing at the moment. If you are in the classroom, listen, take notes, do your seat works. Forget anything else unrelated to your studies. . Play moderately. Do not exhaust yourself too much to avoid getting dizzy at school in the morning or worst getting absent/late. Also, you have to reserve energy to study for announced/unannounced quizzes. . Pay attention at your game. When it's playtime, play wisely. Use your limited time to the fullest. 2 or 3 games every afternoon are enough to be a great player after 1 or 2 months. You have to focus on your strengths and weaknesses. Develop your strengths and convert your weaknesses to strengths. 4. Observe the factors that affect your studies. If you find it hard to study after laying, you should study first before playing. In my case, I find it hard to study after losing therefore I used Data as a reward after studying. 5. Know when not to play. Be the master of your own body.If you have a report on the following day or an examination, chances are you need more time for that. You have to sacrifice playing which is not and shouldn't be your priority. 6. Don't mind the insults. If you are insulted for being a weak player, don't be offended causing you to play more hours trying to prove to them that you are a great player. Be offended if you're scolded by your teacher for not doing a simple emperor because of playing all night. 7. Cutting-class is a drug. You try it once, you'll get addicted. Never cut-class if you want to graduate on time. 8. Know when to quit.Know when Data cannot be included in your schedule anymore. For example, in my case, I have to do advance reading and projects. I gave up playing competitive Data and Just play whenever I'm free (twice or thrice a week). Now that I am a lot busier, I'm going to update my blob twice per week instead of everyday. Just like any sport, Data shouldn't be treated as a priority. Play it for fun and play it moderately. Rules in Data Like any other games Data itself ha s its rules. 1. Leaving a game or the use of hacks will result in a ban. 2. If either team has less than 4 people remaining, you may leave without a ban.If the opponents are down one player, and you want to leave to make it even, all allies must agree to it in ALL chat.. 3. Forfeit is allowed after 50 minutes have past and your entire team agrees in all chat by saying â€Å"IF† or â€Å"forfeit†. In a vi, the team of 4 can forfeit after 30 minutes. 4. Remake is allowed if 6 or more players agree (at least 2 from each team). Remake is also allowed if someone leaves in the first 15 minutes ND 3 or more people agree to remake within the next 2 minutes. 5. Going AFC frequently or for long periods may result in a ban. 6.Intentional game ruining things like item stealing from allies and creep blocking are bankable. 7. You may not telephoto into an enemy base without your creeps there, any other backcombing IS allowed. 8. Racism or extreme trash talking may result in a report for review by a neutral moderator. 9. Swapping players without their consent is bankable Data Heroes Karakul, Troll Warlord He has gar attack strength after crisis level 6 provided correct items are chosen. Troll is best hero in data because of his matter bash and attack speed he he very strong skills and perfect item definitely and offense.Tracer, the Drown Ranger Very easy to use yet very strong AS. Does not require complex combination of skills, she Just needs the right combination of items. Best character. When enemy hero silenced and chilled and you have divine rapier. No chance for him Easy to kill enemies. When coming to late game, that's when she shines. She will become unstoppable! Hussar, The Memo Kid I think hussar is the great hero†¦ Best build items†¦ (means, treasure, armlet, and nominator†¦ To Achieve the great and powerful strength of hussar. If you know the correct move, you can kill everybody.HUSSAR is the best among the rest†¦ My best item bui ld( threads, satanic, armlet, ginghams and 2 heart of treasure†¦ ) Dark Terrors, Faceless Void Amazing character. Will be kill with chromospheres plus cranium basher.. I think everybody will feel so SICK. This is the hero that got me caught up in data, from the first time I played him amazing dude. The best killer data. For attack his third skill for stun. And 5 sec chromo to kill INTO hero. Lustful, Auras Warrior Using his artichoke along with overpower really makes us ‘godlike'. Enrage also gets him on top of all the heroes of dot A.Provide him with the abyssal blade, a Shiva's guard and the loather's educe and rest leave to him. His awesome speed can also make a difference. Choose him once and you will never think of another hero. Behold the vela's offering in his claws, anything is undone. Level 4 of Furry Swipes he's ready to reclaim what Reason stole. He has deadly skills and sank kill Russian in level without test Dragon Knight Dragon knight can be anything. Using his skills he can be anything; from a stunner to oilier, and even a pusher. DC is the best HERO 4 me. Because he has a super AS! COOL! 😀 With the ARMOR and REGENT.. Find a way to run..There the Dragon's rage come.. † Bungalow, Electrotype He should be the best because his attack speed and strength is so remarkable when he turns into a wolf. So cool, So awesome. For me bungalow, electrotype is best for me, because even you did not give inventory to him, he still powerful†¦ From bon BUNGALOW CAN BEAT ANYONE Seven, the Rogue Knight Strongest melee heroes, his God Strength beat everything and when the enemy runs†¦ Say hello to Storm Bolt. Seven got the God's Strength no one can beat him with God's Strength even troll he Just go get basher and make for troll he is Tank, Hitter, Stunner, Runner (war cry) and what? s then dagger then stun then hit rampage. Brachium, Spirit Breaker Fast runner and good for the team and wear madness With Mask of madness, power threads and crystals you will be able to make a kill in 4 seconds. Brachium is an awesome hero and with proper items he is unstoppable. Coo he runs fast sometimes it cool. Carded Sharpe, Dwarves Sniper Just try it with an item build of gangs and hash, butterfly, burial-do-Kenyon, monkey inning bar, heart of treasure and power threads. Carded is the best in long range appearance.I know that he is weak, but he can also finish the Job. That's why I chose him than drown ranger and I want you all to use carded because he as great skills (especially by his last skill) and I now he is slow at speed. Fragile yet very strong and precise as the name suggests. He's easy to play as but hard to master. Only a true DATA player can use him at his fullest potential. My advice is to HIT fast and HIT hard. Be Polite. Be Efficient. Be Professional. Never Kill Steal. Assassinate/ Data Heroes for STRENGTHEarthquakes Seven Tiny Skunks Bushmaster Clockwork McKnight Hussar Alchemist Brewster Treat Protector Wisp Centaur Warner Timbers Tusk Axe Budge Sand King Slander Thundered Skeleton King Lifestyles Night Stalker Doom Spirit Breaker Electrotype Chaos Knight Undying Magnums Data Heroes for Agility Anti-Mage Drown Ranger Juggernaut Marina Morphing Phantom Lancer Vengeful Spirit Rick Sniper Template Assassin Ulna Bounty Hunter Auras Gyroscopes Lone Druid Nag Sire Troll warlord Bloodsucker Shadow Fiend Razor Vengeance Faceless Void Phantom Assassin Viper Clinks Bloodmobile Weaver Specter MopeONYX Assassin Clark Medusa Data Heroes for Intelligence Crystal Maiden Puck Storm Spirit Windsurfer Zeus Liana Shadow Shaman Tinker Nature's Prophet Enchantress Jakarta Chem. Silencer Ogre Magi Rubric Disruptor Keeper of the Light Bane Lice Lion Witch Doctor Enigma Necrology Warlock Queen of Pain Death Prophet Pug Dazzle Lasher Dark Seer Batterer Ancient Apparition Invoker Outward Devourer Shadow Demon Visage Advantages and Disadvantages of Data The life style of the youth who have been playing Data is af fected by the game. There are both advantages and disadvantages for them. Let's talk about the advantages iris.As one of the most playable games online, Data can make the players become alert in the mental. They will also turn to be strategic and cooperative. Through computing the magic, damages, gold, physical reduction present and the other stuff, they will get more lore in mathematics. Thus, the youth can get benefits from playing Data. However, not only does the game has advantages, it can also generate the bad effects. It is said that the body system will be weakened. The way the young people think along with their mind will be corrupted. They will not take the money and moral values seriously in life.Heroes in the game often use powerful units. They also have allied heroes and AAA-controlled fighters called â€Å"creeps† who can offer the assistance. Over the mission, gamers are required to purchase the equipment with gold. They have to level up their hero. It may lead them to irresponsibility if they cannot control themselves to deal with time management and priority. They will become lazier and forget the studies. Owing to the game, they may also break the relationships with the family members. What's worse, they will lose their temper and values by the foul languages alike â€Å"Trash talks†.The triggers always exist potentially. More money will be wasted if they cannot stop playing the game. Although the game is funny, you cannot be too addicted. Self-control is extremely important in the modern times. DATA Advantages 1 . Data helps the youth who are playing this game to become mentally alert, cooperative, and strategic. 2. It increases their knowledge in mathematics by computing the gold's, damages, magic and physical reduction present in the game. 3. Playing DATA are for the youth to communicate teenagers who initially don't know each other can easily be friends.