The Rise and “Fall” of Xerox Organization

In 1960 the Xerox Corporation was in a position where it could corner the copy machine industry for the next 15 years. Xerox had practically invented the copy machine, and had secured its dominate stake in the copy machine industry with patents. However, this security backfired on Xerox because it didn't allow them to focus on new product development. During this period, their research and development goals diminished, and the quality of their products remained the same if not worsened. The strategy Xerox had remained stagnant. Xerox found itself in the mid 1970's with a loss in profit, market share, and competitive stance. By effective supply chain management, Xerox would be able to revamp its structure. In order to confront new competitors such as Ricoh and Canon, Xerox was going to have to make major changes within its organization. First, Xerox management sought to simplify the purchasing process. By consolidating its supply base, it was able to reduce overhead, pass lower costs onto customers, improve quality of its products, and work better with suppliers. Next, the â€Å"commodity teams† were designated to reduce defect parts per million through a five step program it developed. Thirdly, internal restructuring brought about the â€Å"circle groups† which resulted in a new system of competitive benchmarking and customized products. Finally, with a new research and development approach Xerox was able to delve into new product development, bringing them brand recognition. And, with a new â€Å"central logistics and asset management† program the company was able to reduce excessive inventory and related costs.  · Determine how Xerox's strategies transformed from the late 1970's to the 1980's.  · Determine how the change in strategies and organization allowed Xerox to be competitive.  · Identify the source of guidance it received for its restructuring , and what this revealed about the advantages of a multinational firm.  · Determine how taking a global perspective make it more competitive in the global marketplace.  · Evaluate the role of global manufacturing, materials management, and R & D in better performance in the 1980's. Once Xerox found themselves in a poor competitive position in the mid to late 1970s, they were forced to make general changes in strategy and structure or organization. In the late 70s, the copier environment consisted of just a couple of competitors with a rapidly declining market share. Xerox's new strategy was segmentation-to keep their three main legs (Fuji, Rank, and Xerox) as separate entities. Therefore, structural and organizational areas were decentralized. In the 1980s, the copier environment consisted of even more competitors who had superior products at lower prices. The market was more hostile, and if Xerox didn't make a significant change in its strategies, they would lose the battle. At this stage, Xerox's strategy was aimed at streamlining supply ties and reduce production costs by improving the supply chain. Bringing together the three entities was the new centralized approach for structure and organization. Moreover, by using Fuji-Xerox as a guide to restructure, Xerox benefited by having various cultural organizations to choose from and achieving global learning. In addition, by taking on a singular identity rather than a three leg multinational, Xerox was able to capitalize on location economies in relation to the product life cycle. Therefore, both Xerox and the local suppliers were able to achieve economies of scale. Also, a global perspective resulted in more uniform products. In regards to performance, restructuring global manufacturing allowed them to deal with suppliers more effectively and to get one or a few suppliers for one global product. Effective materials management helped Xerox gain closer supplier and customer ties, which in turn reduced inventory costs. By staying in sync with customer demands and needs, Xerox's R & D division was able to come out with customized product lines, which in turn gave Xerox a first mover advantage and resulted in a stronger competitive position. Finally, the internal restructuring regarding the â€Å"quality circles† involved all areas of the company. With an encompassing implementation of the Leadership Through Quality groups, Business Area Work Group, and â€Å"Quality of WorkLife† Circles, Xerox increased in performance. By allowing workers to find quality shortfalls and generate ideas about problems, these programs allowed them to find better solutions to those problems, for example, via the process of competitive benchmarking. Our team consensus is that Xerox shouldn't have relied solely on their patents and previous technological know-how to maintain their large market share. Because of this reliance, Xerox paid less attention to quality and new product development. If they would have focused on developing newer, higher quality products, their market share would have remained the same or better once the patents expired. They should have foreseen the expiration of the patents, and been better prepared with a stronger product line and global strategy to confront the competitive market in which they were going to enter in the 1970s. The competitive benchmarking allowed them to integrate the most efficient practices of other global companies. This integration, as well as the efficient supply chain management and emphasis on quality, was a smart move which enabled Xerox an efficient structure for years to come.

Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry Essay

Introduction Adidas manager is requiring me to create and design a training program which will improve and develop their graduate employee existing skills. This report is going to target to non-graduate or college student and giving them chances to join this training program. This program is going to help trainee do their function in sporting industry Adidas Aim They are trying to build the relationship with their employee via passion, diversity. Adidas may find an excellent balance between life and work of the employee and more than that they provide an essential need for their employee such as food, drink, work benefit to encourage them which will increase business productivity Adidas Human Resource Strategy Adidas is one of the famous company in sporting items industry. At the moment Adidas are doing staff recruitment for their store which across all over the world and especially in the UK. In a past few year Adidas Human Resources Department decided to do Functional Training Program (FTP) in short- period time which giving opportunity for graduate student to get foundation and great educational qualification before for they start to become a functional professional career inside Adidas group also co-operate with internship and apprenticeships for non-graduate and student who want to work for Adidas company straight after school. We have developed on National Vocational Qualification that will contribute to the business and individual need. According to Olin and Tucker (1997) state that â€Å"National Vocational Qualification government and organisation figure out NVQ training program will develop specific profile of ability and basic knowledge of employee at any level which associated vocational area† NVQ training program focus on particular business industry or sector, it will help Adidas group to find the right employee for specific role in the sporting industry Demonstrate NVQ contribution to Adidas NVQ will also comfort organization or company decrease company cost, increase the competiveness and company productivity. Adidas group found putting resourcing in staff will change in work environment spirit and staff inspiration, much easier to recruitment staff and enhance communication in workplace. It will also make Adidas group look more professional and stand out compare to another business. In another way, NVQ are enabled to help Adidas proof to the world that business hired staff or employee has reach minimum standard quality. NVQ to individual needs NVQ programme provides the portfolio for learner or employee which help learner or employee able to learn-practical or work- the related task which helps them to develop their skills and knowledge to do a job more effectively. National Vocational training program intended to develop employee existing skills and that will improve business performance, NVQ is going to evaluate the staff able to carry out their job as indicated a set of rule in an organization, which rely on work performance. Adidas can adapt NVQ training program to improve their standard via examination. Main body NVQ training program overall design 164465275336000It has a variety of ways to get NVQ: succeeding a normal training program, blend of casual and informal or starting to have a learning approaches or just based on the past capability. NVQ framework are design to testing learner capacities in the working environment. To achieve a NVQs qualification the employee or learner have to demonstrate that there can do certain task which related to the roles or area that they apply to the company or business. NVQs training program are going to do the evaluation in a blend of courses by portfolios are going to confirm and proof that what you have done in training program and perception, an assessor will check and may give reference to the company that you can do the task that related to the business. Following by Malcom (1996) â€Å"NVQs framework system made as capability are created, course are movement and exchange are distinguished. Framework task is to provide a reasonable sorting for NVQs and facilities delivery and progres sion both external and internal of competence† NVQ are design for adult and young people who want to improve their skills to increase their work performance which will lead to build up business productivity. NVQ are set level for the learner from level 1 to level 5, in lowest level are going to aim at company operation and highest level for manager position. NVQ are suitable for people are working are in college and having a part- time job are at school are fulfilled apprenticeship NVQs training program delivery strategy Focus on employee and trainee ought to acclimate themselves with structure, substance and evaluation requirement of certificate previously planning a training program course NVQs training program is delivery to any trainee or learner in many ways which Meets the learner and trainee need and capabilities Pleased acquired qualification NVQs is going to provide to learner and trainee the other skills that not a part of the qualification but will help them improve the existing skills Literacy / language / numeracy Critical thinking and personal learning Individual and social advancement Employability Where pertinent, this could include empowering the possibility to get to applicable capabilities covering these abilities. 1651004191000 With these detail in overall design and delivery training of NVQs. This program will bring benefit to the Adidas group. This will include manage time to teaching so not spend much time or little time on teaching. If too much teaching due to costly and the material which delivery to training or learner can be confusing. Spend little time on training will not improve and maximise trainee skills. More over this training program is classify trainee or student what their aim in training and link back to business role they apply for. In addition, NVQs training program is measuring the employee and trainee by knowledge, attitude and skills. It’s going to be connect between organisation and employee. Moreover, Jim and Roger (2009) suggested that â€Å"Training program is providing individual chance to perform their task more effectively and it will help an organisation get the current target† Finally, NVQs training program may bring benefit to learner and Adidas group by motiva ting, group or personal to inspect current implementations and working environment. NVQs material and exercise support NVQs objective NVQs are cooperate with many practical organisations to become a leader in development skills. They are doing services to training suppliers, employers and learner over an assortment of sector to satisfy the need in workplaces. NVQs certificate or capabilities are estimated by employers all over the world, helping people to build up their talented and capacities for profession career. NVQ Training plan The NVQs is aiming to the employee of Adidas who contributes to the work performed. As, Mayo (2000) â€Å"training plan may have added by Human Resource Department purpose, weigh into the advantages of an individual group in particular organization†. It is including Personal skills: Knowledge/ skill/experience, ability to do the task and what employee will convey to the work from the other part of their social life Personal motivation: desire, goal, work inspiration. Workplace environment: The background of the business, personal respect, free to renovate. Teamwork efficiency: having a same objective and values, helpfulness, communal respect Essential material need in NVQs Assessment and homework to consider becoming the important material in NVQs. It gives speedy and basic methods for checking employee has the right stuff and abilities to work in an exchange. The specialist gets his or her NVQ Level 2 or 3 by a mix of evaluation and works environment preparing, during which time they give confirm they meet the NVQs requirement. Other material, may aid to the learner or trainee to achieve NVQs qualification such as the computer, pen, folder, tablet, video or textbook Example practical organization NVQs is co-operated with City NVQs Logistic Delivery

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Example for Free

Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles Essay Hello my name is Chassidy Mitchem I would absolutely love to be a part of your cosmetology program. I love to do hair and, make up. Doing hair is something I enjoy doing in my free time. It’s a way to get away from people and let my mind explore into better things. I enjoy looking and trying new hair styles and colors. I have done makeup and hair for Homecoming court and Grand March. It would be an absolute dream to get into this school and have some hands on time with the things I love doing while learning more about Cosmetology. Cosmetology is very important to the world because someone will always want their hair done or make up done. Most people only want to go to a professional so they know they will be getting the best of their money. You could also be able to set up your own business around your area. I differ from a lot of my peers because no one really understands the importance of Cosmetology the way I do. Everyone thinks it useless. Cosmetology is just as important as other jobs because someone will always need you. There will always be someone needing their eye brows done or maybe there nails especially during homecoming and prom or even a wedding. I’ve talked to a couple people and got some really interesting opinions. Some people has told me I wouldn’t make it and some people has told me I would, but my motto is â€Å"Never give up, because you never know how close you are to fulfilling your dream.† I plan on getting this degree and opening my own salon and I feel that it will give me knowledge I need to know for success. I learned to do this at a young age and I feel very strong about this career. I believe this will be the field I dedicate myself to. I hope to be attending this college at whatever time the school year would begin Billboard Hot Country Songs number-one singles. (2016, May 06).

Nursing Profession Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 2250 words

Nursing Profession - Essay Example Before the foundation of modern nursing, nursing like services were done by nuns and military. The philosophy of nursing is reflected from the nature of then work and then thoughts. These philosophies have taken various forms personal philosophy, institutional philosophy and professional philosophy. "The conceptualizations of nursing that have developed and of late, variously called conceptual models, conceptual frameworks, theoretical frameworks and nursing theories, appear to resemble professional philosophies of nursing- a professional philosophy of nursing being one in which what is set down, providing a basis for nursing activity. However, the opinion that these conceptualizations are not philosophies of nursing has persisted and continues to persist, in nursing thought with only questioning of the validity of this claim." (Kikuchi, J F, 1994) The idea of conceptualization were introduced for the purpose of developing professional nursing practice and research. It tried to analyze matters as what is good to do and seek in nursing and what is the nature of nursing science . Nursing theories are a body of knowledge which is used to support nursing practice. Nurses derive their knowledge from experimental learning, from formal sources like nursing research. Nursing models are conceptual models, made up of theories and concepts which help nurses to assess, plan and implement patient care. A care plan is used in a model which is changed and evaluated on a daily basis according to the patient's condition and abilities change. The first theorist to coordinate a role of nursing distinct from medical profession was Florence Nightingale. Nightingale's model is based on the idea that Nurses manipulates the environment to provide and promote patient care. Nursing theories include 4 categories - Metatheory, grand theory, Middle theory and Practice theory. Some nursing models include Roy's model of nursing and Tidal model in Psychiatry, Casey's model in children, Nightingale's model, Roper, Logan & Tierney model in Adult nursing etc. Values laden theory and the fallacy of value free science A theoretical framework embedded in an underlying philosophy give strength to the theory as a guide to practice. Nurses frameworks have incorporated many values like caring respect for all persons and attentive presence into these conceptualizations and proportions. Values are fundamental constituents of human life. Evidence Based Practice Nursing has implemented, taught and studied and standardized Evidence based practice. Evidence based practice refers to the use of rigorously derived empirical findings especially as the basis for intervention and non intervention. Evidence based practice also involves ethical considerations and other dimensions of health. Nursing practice is intentional and deliberate, guided by nursing science and other sources of knowledge, performed by nurses. The practice is to benefit persons and society. However, the actions and behavior of persons change from moment to moment depending on interrelationships with persons, families and communities. Thus, nursing practice depends on the personal and professional values of the nurse. "The process of self-awareness compels nurses to examine their own value positions so these biases and prejudices are not projected onto others, and so nurses do not reject others who do not

Tourism in Turkey Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1250 words

Tourism in Turkey - Essay Example Also, the industry provided employment to around 7% of total employed workers (estimated 1.8 million) either directly and/or indirectly. These people include transporters, artisans (who produce and sell traditional Turkish handicrafts), tour guides, airline(s) employees, commercial agencies, hotels’ and restaurants’ workers and others etc. In addition, the number of tourists in turkey has jumped from around 5 millions in 1990 to over 20 millions in 2005 which is mainly attributed to improvement in infrastructure, tourism regions and sites. The growth rate of this industry remained over 10% in the recent years, despite the fact that economic meltdown and credit crises deteriorated the business outlook. More specifically, Hotel Industry has observed tremendous growth of nearly 6% per annum from 1998 to 2008 as the owners or groups have continuously expanded their bed capacities. The country has an intention to increase the tourists’ arrivals and revenues to 63 mill ions and US $86 billion respectively by 2023. Various new projects are in pipeline to hasten the development of tourist regions that will be discussed below. (Eco Report, p.14), (Invest Support and Promotion Agency Report, pp. 4-9) and (Aslan, Kula and Kaplan, pp.66-67) The country enjoys the reputation of having culturally and historically rich places (its ancient civilization and archeological sites), enticing lakes as it has long (5,000 miles) coastline / sea shore, mountains, a relatively well-developed infrastructure and recent improvements, innovations and updating in hospitality. The major cities that have attracted more than 60% of tourists include Istanbul (federal capital), Ankara, Konya, Bursa, Adana and Ä °zmir (‘with destinations such as Antalya MuÄŸla and AydÄ ±n’). As highlighted in Investment Support and Promotion’s report, Turkey is ‘surrounded by 3 different seas with

Anallysis 2 cases study Case Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 750 words

Anallysis 2 cases - Case Study Example The brand mantra followed by Hello Kitty is just not about cuteness but appealing to more than children and thus appears on adult properties. The core value may be along well to the Point of Difference (POD). This is because the consumer believes that anybody shall not find the same attribute in other brands as that in Hello Kitty and relates Hello Kitty with cuteness. One of the most compelling factors that tend to differentiate Hello Kitty and create competitive advantage against its competitors is that the brand does not hold any stories along with a pre determined traits. The simple but overused differentiator sets the brand apart from the competitors. Value chain: Hello Kitty does not involve any promotional strategy to create awareness about its brand but the brand is enhanced through its partners, merchandise and word of mouth that may be highly attributed towards the development of brand value. So the target market has extended from children to teenagers above the age group of 20 and perceives the brand to be cute irrespective of any similarity with any cartoon character. As stated in the case study, about 500 products are launched every month that indicates the popularity of the brand. Hello kitty products are available from pencil, to clothing to accessories to bags, instruments, mobiles, beer bottles. Hello kitty has been able to influence the mindset of the consumers as the brand has been able to appeal across all age groups. In case of Hello Kitty the brand does not follow any character of any cartoon shown in television or any stories or gimmicks. Hello Kitty is a cat that tends to appear on every possible thing from jeweler to pencil. The brand logo is available on each of its product and its personality has been created mainly trough merchandise starting from a symbol on purse. The brand follows a simple rule of â€Å"small gift, big smile† that has helped it to achieve success. Prada has segmented its product to niche segment and have

Unemployment Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 250 words - 1

Unemployment - Essay Example To solve this, the government should provide stimulus to firms to train these employees and make them marketable for other jobs and those who are unemployed to join the training schemes. Frictional unemployment occurs when individuals are moving from one job to another for which they are qualified. It is closely related to structural employment but it is frictional since the labor market is not automatically matching up with all available workers. This can be solved by setting up job centers that help people look for suitable employment or cutting unemployment benefits to discourage idleness (Mark 2008). Cynical unemployment occurs there are inevitable contractions on the business and economic cycle. It is involuntary and not skill mismatch. The economy the capability of creating jobs which boost economic growth. A growing economy typically has lower level of unemployment. Government has to reduce tax and increase public spending. Cutting tax will induce more people to work due to the increase in disposal income level (William,

Australian Women Workforce Participation and Childcare from 5 to 12 Research Paper

Australian Women Workforce Participation and Childcare from 5 to 12 - Research Paper Example In this case; the research question will be; what is it to be a woman with childcare responsibilities while working in the social market? Presently, there is no appropriate literature that can improve our understanding of the experiences of women with both family and childcare responsibilities. It is because the knowledge on the experience presently is from the minor evidence of unguided past research and other prevailing practices. Thus, the inquiry process starts with the knowledge gap presented by the prior misguided research on the issue at hand. Women point of view may be that they provide quality services to the social work despite pressure from the childcare responsibilities. Hence, following that there is no evidence to support this view, an original research might contrast their opinion. Therefore, this methodology focuses on idiographic. Its objective is to provide insight into how women in the social works make sense in the phenomenon or if they effectively contribute to a ccomplishing their responsibilities. The methodology is appropriate because it relates to the experiences of some individual’s significance like life events or an important relationship development (Hays & Singh, 2012). Interpretive phenomenology is significant in the fact that it helps in understanding the people’s lived experiences and establishes the everyday phenomena’s meanings in their lives, ideas and thoughts. Observations or interviews can generate a rich description of the individual’s lived experiences and providing a substantive data in identifying the key metaphors and main themes of the events and the phenomena in question.

Australia Broadcasting Comporation report Essay

Australia Broadcasting Comporation report - Essay Example Starting from news papers to the modern online network of mass communication encompasses a wide variety of means to ensure the seamless flow of communication. The mass media at present has evolved developed enormously from the earlier stages. The accuracy and speed of communication through various media have remarkably advanced. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC) is a key player in the field of mass communication, and the national broadcaster of Australia they have a long, successful presence of eighty years in this field. Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC): Australian Broadcasting Corporation (ABC), informally known as ‘Aunty,’ is a publicly owned national broadcaster of Australia. ABC has been providing various communication services to the country since last eighty years. It started its journey with radio service at national level and has enlarged its broadcasting service to global level with ABC online services. ABC provides radio, television, mobile and online services to national as well as global customers. The services of ABC are available in all regions of the country and they have played major role in various emergency and important situations. ABC also performs a variety of other functions. â€Å"The ABC also operates network of retailing outlets known as ABC enterprises.... ABC also performs a variety of other functions. â€Å"The ABC also operates network of retailing outlets (24 shops and 119 ABC centres) known as ABC enterprises. Operations include the production of books, classical and contemporary recordings, audio cassettes, videos, multimedia and licensed products, and music and magazine publishing† (2000 Year Book Australia No. 82 2000, p. 349). This paper discusses the history of ABC in the following segments. The services provided by ABC- radio, television and online are analyzed separately. The national and global coverage of the ABC services are also examined and the most effective means of communication service provided by ABC is identified. 3. ABC - A History: The Australian Broadcasting Corporation, formerly known as Australian Broadcasting Company, was established by the government of Australia on 1st July 1932 to run the National Broadcasting Services as the Postmaster General’s Department failed to do the operation. The f irst broadcasting service of Australian Broadcasting Company was Radio service and ABC had 12 radio stations in major cities of the country at its beginning. Inspired from BBC, the working of ABC was done accordingly. The period of World War II (WW- II) and the period following it, were crucial in the history of Australian Broadcasting Company. During WW- II, considering the importance of communication and providing information to the people, the Australian Broadcasting Act was passed in 1942. This gave the company the power to make decisions to broadcast political speeches without external interferences. In 1948, ABC was given complete government appropriation through amendments made in the Broadcasting Act. The next major mile stone of Australian

Investment Bank Analysis Research Paper Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1000 words

Investment Bank Analysis - Research Paper Example The job prospective in Vancouver is not at all impressive. Total 12, 530 people are working as business professional in Vancouver. 33% of total business graduated employees in Vancouver have managed career related employment. Major of the business graduates in Vancouver are getting employment either in government sector or in public limited firms. As per the interest in equity research analysis; the average salary for equity research associate in Vancouver is $75,000 per annum. (b)Regulation The main advantage of being a part of a union is a student can be represented locally and nationally. Many students who stay away from home for the purpose of higher studies, the member of union can help them in every major and minor incident. Moreover being a part of union a student can achieve social affiliation by the other members. Last but not the least the union can actually help the graduates to place the members in various companies. Salary information of other employees should not be disclose to the prospective employees who has newly appointed in organizations as it is the personal matter of individuals and confidential matter of organization. Job protection legislation is required to exist in the firm in the competitive business market. The professional association may look after the basic employment needs according to the business priorities. They have to look after the promotions of employees according to the performance. Moreover the employees should be informed of the job roles and performance expectations. These monitoring activities will protect the employment right in organizations.

Scandal and controversy Essay Example for Free

Scandal and controversy Essay Scandal and controversy are a true recipe for commercial success. And with the format of the Big Brother being such that everyone in the world can see what a person does in private, the people get naturally interested. The commercial success of any program depends on the number of users it gets and the public debate it generates (read: media coverage)-more so for a reality TV program like Endemol’s Big Brother. Since its inception in Netherlands, the show has spread into many other countries, which has introduced the cultural element to it. How different people react when two different people with different backgrounds, ideas, perspectives and interests are forced to live together under one roof for a considerable period of time provides entertainment to the masses. And the figures show this. From 3 million in the first week, the show had 8. 8 million viewers at its peak for the recently-concluded, controversy-marred Celebrity Big Brother in UK. The Big Brother brand earns 10 percent of the revenues of Channel 4 which broadcasts Celebrity Big Brother. With Big Brother open for public debate, controversy is created for the smallest of reasons, since the participants are treated as minor celebrities by the masses. Sometimes, the views included racism, gender bias, sex, etc. which have again led to media activism and public debate regarding the views of the bourgeoisie and subsequent problems. The format is suited for the masses, because on the one hand, you see how a person reacts in public, while on the other, you see how they actually feel through the ‘Diary Room’. The housemates have to work according to the orders of the ‘Big Brother’, which makes it doubly interesting to see how these people live under stressful conditions. And with the voting being done both by the public and the participants on whom to evict from the house, the interest level of the masses automatically goes up, since their decision influences the eviction. That the show is a commercial success is proved by the fact that continuous video streaming facility is available on the Internet, where the people can see 24-hour feeds of what the housemates were actually doing, and people were actually ready to pay to get these feeds. The show is also used for psychological studies by scientists. German scientists even discovered that the participants are likely to suffer from Post-Traumatic Stress Disorder, generally seen in those who leave armed forces. A lot of interest also goes into the fact that even in this age of liberalization and globalization, the state of race, gender and class relations is primeval. And it comes out in the open due to the realistic nature of the show. The fact that such problems exist even in democratic, egalitarian societies increases the interest of the viewer and makes the program commercially successful. The show has been criticized by experts from everything ranging from the concept of the program to how problems like racism are used to maximize profits. Yet the fan following of these programs belies the wildest of imaginations. Also with the media available today, it is easy to vocalize opinion across the borders. And the program is benefiting commercially from all this hype. The success of the program in some countries may well be because it challenges the ways in which the society operates, in an honest and real manner rather than being acted out as in a soap opera. And being inherently different from the soap opera gives the masses something different to watch, something to which they can relate more. It gives a platform to the audience to evaluate and contemplate the existing societal order. Big Brother is about interacting with the audience-and getting people to decide the fates of participants. Interactive TV provides such incentives to the general public and is responsible for making the show such a commercial success. References: 1. Big Brother (TV series) Available on http://en. wikipedia. org/wiki/Big_Brother_(TV_series) 2. When the Whole World is Watching: The Case of Celebrity Big Brother Available on http://flowtv. org/? p=247 3. November 2002, Celebrity Big Brother Offers Even More Interaction Available on http://www. bbc. co. uk/pressoffice/bbcworldwide/worldwidestories/pressreleases/2002/11_november/audiocall_celebrity_bb. shtml 4. Hanks Robert, January 2007, First Night: Celebrity Big Brother, Channel 4 Available on http://news. independent. co. uk/media/article2124296. ece 5. Big Brother Available on http://www. bigbrother. com/big-brother. php 6. Big Brother International: Formats, Critics and Publics Available on http://www. wallflowerpress. co. uk/publications/television/big_brother. html

Television media, war and truth Essay Example for Free

Television media, war and truth Essay An informed public is the cornerstone of modern society. An informed public during wartime leads to a healthy democracy. Though the media shares a special connection with wartime reporting, disseminating information of major news value, it often keeps the truth masked and reality covered. The media establishment profited by periods of rapid technological change through the 1970s and 80s, and as television reporting grew sophisticated, concepts of truth and reality were shaped by the immediacy of visual content. This essay, in light of the Vietnam War, the Persian Gulf War, and Iraq War, will outline how the impact of television coverage during wartime, political manoeuvring, and the atrophy of journalistic standards, has shaped our view of reality and truth. Television coverage of the Vietnam War, as the first televised war, reached audiences around the world. Conflicts of interest between journalistic integrity and nationalistic sentiments served to undermine the medias coverage of the war. The Washington Post announced on Aug. 5, 1964 American Planes Hit North Vietnam After Second Attack on Our Destroyers; Move Taken to Halt New Aggression. Subsequently the New York Times reported President Johnson has ordered retaliatory action against gunboats and certain supporting facilities in North Vietnam after renewed attacks against American destroyers in the Gulf of Tonkin. Though there was no evidence of a second attack by North Vietnam, President Johnson in a speech delivered on Aug. 4, 1964 earned plaudits from the New York Times editorial staff by proclaiming: (they) went to the American people last night with the somber facts.; By reporting claims from Administration officials as absolute truths, American media opened the gates to a bloo dy Vietnam war1. Though the Tet offensive (North Vietnamese soldiers swept through more than one hundred Southern Vietnamese cities) left the U.S victorious, media portrayal was negative. The medias hidden agenda dotted television reportage helping sway public opinion against the war. Television images usurped factual news stories relegating experienced reporters to bystanders and caption writers2. Personal commentary saturated television coverage with statistics pointedly showing an erosion of objectivity. Before the Tet offensive, journalists described 62 percent of their stories as victories for the U.S, 28 percent as defeats, and 2 percent as inconclusive. After Tet, 44 percent of the battles were deemed victories, 32 percent defeats, and 24 percent inconclusive3. In 1998 the airing of a report by CNN and Time Magazine of the U.S Special Forces alleged use of nerve gas against American defectors in the Vietnam War was repudiated by Special Forces veterans groups and high profile intelligence figures. Yet, CNN asserted itself as a credible news organization, saying it was concerned with stories of human affliction4. The Fairness Accuracy In Reporting (national media watchdog set up in 1986 to document media censorship, bias and erroneous reporting), however, declared some television coverage from the Vietnam War a mere fabrication5. The Persian Gulf war ushered in a period of rapid change for American media. Re-structuring of television networks and amendments to federal regulations6 spawned an era of satellite coverage and press pooling. Amended laws ensured television journalists became trusted agents of the U.S military whereby media correspondents were screened7; selective information was aired to U.S audiences. Press freedoms were challenged less for the militarys interest (worried about leaking of strategic intelligence) than the Administrations political agenda. Television coverage was dictated primarily by advancements in digital satellite technology. The Persian Gulf war was the first war to be televised using global satellite networks8. Fluid images were cast, as veteran CNN Bernard Shaw recalls, in peoples faces, due to globalization of television networks. The American Administration, evidence later indicated, utilized television images and newspaper reports to convince the public that Iraqi troops were threatening to invade oil rich Saudi Arabia. Though satellite images taken of Saudi Arabias border detailed a small number of Iraqi troops, U.S newspapers, news magazines and television networks drummed up reportage in line with the Administrations political agenda. Independent press and peace activists argued against the deployment of U.S troops to the area campaigning for a UN peace-keeping force to be sent. But such sentiments did not percolate into the U.S media. Although television coverage saturated airwaves to summon public support for a U.S invasion of the Persian Gulf, television feeds of suffering Kurds, and other Iraqis, prompted large segments of the public against military solutions for conflicts in the Middle East. Mark Rozell Professor of public policy at George Mason University punctuated the impact of wartime television coverage by citing a Gallup Poll: A January 1991 Gallup Poll revealed that 89 percent of the American people identified television as their main source of information about the war; only 8 percent of the American people identified radio and 2 percent newspapers. The U.S led invasion of Iraq saw satellite internet and television, and further sophistication in television equipment, help the myriad U.S news agencies who invested their time in covering the war. Though no formal evidence was tabled about alleged ties between Saddam Hussein and the perpetrators of 9/11, 32% of Americans, in a poll conducted by PIPA/KN9 in 2003, thought Saddam Hussein very likely to be personally involved in the terrorist attacks; 37% thought it was somewhat likely. This misinformation is attributable to the torrent of television broadcasts and print media directed at providing a repetition of incidents surrounding 9/11; repetition is a precursor for propaganda. International polling has suggested public opinion around the world has been strongly against unilateral action in Iraq without UN approval. Of the 38 countries surveyed majority support does not exist for the actions of the U.S10. The obfuscation of truth and deterioration of journalistic integrity was the result of savvy political maneuvering. Oversimplified television coverage of the Middle East has reduced it to a social and political backwater. The depiction of the bloody camera and weeping man (see appendix) represent the reality that wars can bring. The blood on the camera signifies the brutality of war alluding that wars may be captured on film or camera but the reality behind wars (the blood) cannot be captured objectively. The weeping man brings forth emotion involved in losing someone close. Such cultural and social sensitivities are not shown in U.S medias war coverage. Television has proved to be a useful tool for masking truth by producing neatly worded sound-bites. A poll conducted by PIPA/KN in 2003 asked Americans whether a majority of people in the Islamic world (would) favour or oppose the U.S led war efforts to fight terrorism, a plurality of respondents (48%) assumed the Islamic world favoured the war effort. Al Jazeera, brought the coverage of the Iraq war to 40 million Arab viewers, hoping to deliver free and independent news. Founded in 1996, its goal, according to Senior Producer Samir Khader is to educate the Arab masses on democracy, irrespective of the other opinion. Staffed by former members of the newly disbanded BBC Arabic television, all of whom are strong believers of a balanced and fair press, it has come under fire by the Arab and Western worlds for being the mouthpiece of the zionists and a mouthpiece of Osama Bin Laden respectively. The notion of absolute truth and reality of television coverage is undermined by the representations of Al Jazeera as both a mouth piece of the zionists and a mouth piece of Osama Bin Laden11. Al Jazeera cutting to commercials plays a 30-60 second montage of American war planes, American bombs exploding and American army tanks across the desert. These images have come under criticism from U.S Press Officers. Dichotomies of interest will remain affirms U.S military Press Officer Lt. Josh Rushing as long as Al Jazeera U.S media continue to play to their respective audiences: When I watch Al Jazeera I can tell what theyre showing and what theyre not by choice. Its the same thing when I watch Fox at the other end of the spectrum. It benefits Al Jazeera to play to Arab nationalism Just like Fox plays to American patriotism. Because thats their demographic12. Incessantly rolling out television images the media oversimplifies the coverage of war. An informed media covering factual stories free from political slant is increasingly important in a growing democracy. The media coverage of the Vietnam War led to degradation in journalistic integrity; the Persian Gulf conflict deepened political ties between the American Administration and the media; Iraq War is covered by a multitude of U.S news agencies but also an Arabic television news channel. Though the wars were covered by the media in different lights the widening political influence and diminishment of journalistic cannons have been common threads that have shaped our understanding of truth and reality. * * * Bibliography: Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR); Website: [www.fair.org]. John Pilger, Heroes. (Johnathan Cape 1986, Vintage 2001), p.260. Hallin, Daniel C., The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. Los Angles: California University of California Press, 1986. p. 161-162. A. Shah, Media, propaganda and Vietnam. [http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Propaganda/Vietnam.asp]. Created: Sunday, December 29, 2002; Last Updated: Friday, October 24, 2003. James Rennie, Desert Storm Front: Television News and Narrative Construction in the 1991 Gulf War, Honours Thesis 2004: [http://www.film.queensu.ca/Critical/Rennie2.html]. Capt Jon Mordan, Air Space Power Journal-Chronicles Online Journal (online-only companion to Air Space Power Journal; published quarterly), Document created: 6 June 99. Douglas Kellner, The Persian Gulf TV War. (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992). Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks; conducts global polls. Gallup Poll International. DVD, Control Room (2003); directed by Jehane Noujaim; (see appendix). Image 1: [http://www.oilempire.us/mediawar.html] Image 2: [http://www.thewe.cc/contents/more/archive2005/january/war_2005_january_images_1.html] Appendix 1: Appendix 2: 1 Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) 2 John Pilger, Heroes. (Johnathan Cape 1986, Vintage 2001), p.260 3 Hallin, Daniel C., The Uncensored War: The Media and Vietnam. Los Angles: California University of California Press, 1986. p. 161-162 4 A. Shah, Media, propaganda and Vietnam. [http://www.globalissues.org/HumanRights/Media/Propaganda/Vietnam.asp]. Created: Sunday, December 29, 2002; Last Updated: Friday, October 24, 2003 5 Fairness and Accuracy In Reporting (FAIR) 6 James Rennie, Desert Storm Front: Television News and Narrative Construction in the 1991 Gulf War, Honours Thesis 2004: [http://www.film.queensu.ca/Critical/Rennie2.html] 7 Capt Jon Mordan, Air Space Power Journal-Chronicles Online Journal (online-only companion to Air Space Power Journal; published quarterly), Document created: 6 June 99 8 Douglas Kellner, The Persian Gulf TV War. (Boulder, Co.: Westview Press, 1992). 9 Program on International Policy Attitudes/Knowledge Networks 10Gallup Poll International 11 DVD, Control Room (2003); directed by Jehane Noujaim; (see appendix).

Concepts of Customer Relationship Management (CRM)

Concepts of Customer Relationship Management (CRM) Happy customers tell 4 to 5 others of their positive experience. Dissatisfied customers tell 9 to 12 how bad it was Quotes Mark Steven. This quote clearly states how important it is to satisfy and delight a customer in order to grow in business. Its a well known fact that business cant exist without customers. In the business, its important to work closely with your customers to make sure your business is for them and meet their requirements. Because its critical that you form a close working relationship with your client, customer service is of vital importance. Make your customers feel valued, wanted and loved. Customer Relationship Management is combination of people, processes and technology that seeks to understand a companys customer Apple Company is one of the unique companies in todays market. I am taking this company organization to evaluate the opportunities to maintain and increase revenue in their earlier stage. The Apple company was started in 1981and it went through several critical stages to become a unique company now a day. The company faced severe problems due to lack of customer relations and didnt meet the customers expectations as they advertised. The companys first introduced Lisa and Macintosh during 1981 to 1985, but failed to reach the people due to lack of customer relations. They didnt have clear idea what people were expecting and how much they can afford to buy a PC. During this period they introduced their pc with a high price and they didnt have a clue about the people expectations so their product became a failure and they were failing in other tasks due to inner battle with in the company. After learning the lesson they started to learn from the peoples expectations and started to work towards it like introducing Portable versions with networking capabilities and their master piece was SYSTEM 7. but again after this they started to fail in customer relations like failure of proper service centres and even though they introduced several other products like cameras , CD players and other stuffs they failed to involve with the customers when their expectation was to get a Pc with a camera and CD function . But other companies like Microsoft evolved in customer relations and upgraded their products to the customers expectations as possible as they could. So there on apple started to reinvent them what went wrong and they rectified it and moved to a unique company with profit from 1998 by keeping an alliance with other companies and even their rivals and started to evolve. They introduced apple store to have better customer relations, after this the company went on hike by evolving with the customer relations management. OBJECTIVE CRM stands for Customer Relationship Management. It is a process or methodology used to learn more about customers needs and behaviors in order to develop stronger relationships with them. There are many technological components to CRM, but thinking about CRM in primarily technological terms is a mistake. The more useful way to think about CRM is as a process that will help bring together lots of pieces of information about customers, sales, marketing effectiveness, responsiveness and market trends. CRM helps businesses use technology and human resources to gain insight into the behavior of customers and the value of those customers. KEY POINTS IN CUSTOMER RELATIONSHIP MANAGEMENT: CUSTOMER SATISFACTION Business term is a measure of how products and services supplied by a company meet or surpass customer expectation. It is seen as a key performance indicator within business and is part of the four perspectives of a Balanced Scorecard. If the apple had better knowledge of customer expectations and good knowledge in customer relations they could have become a successful company from the start. They thought that if they introduced a good product they can become successful but that resulted in vain. The CEO should have focused on the customer relation management also to gain knowledge from customers what people were expecting from them CUSTOMER DELIGHT Customers will be back for more and new customers will be introduced by them if your service is good and satisfactory. This will help to distinguish you as unique from the rest. It allows you to sell your product or service for more money than the competition. It allows you to make more return on your investment. It allows you to reward your employees. The apple failed to introduce their product in cheaper price this resulted to loose customer from the start of the introduction of their product .even if the customers bought the product they faced problems in how to handle it and lack of parts for repairs they have to wait for a long time. Normally when a company is introducing a product the people wont expect to spend a huge amount in unknown product if the apple introduced their product in cheaper price with initial discounts and had better service centers they would have done well. CUSTOMER LOYALTY Customer loyalty is viewed as the strength of the relationship between an individuals relative attitude and repeat patronage. The relationship is seen as mediated by social norms and situational factors. Cognitive, affective, and co native antecedents of relative attitude are identified as contributing to loyalty, along with motivational, perceptual, and behavioral consequences. Implications for research and for the management of loyalty are derived. The key to a successful business is a steady customer base. After all, successful businesses typically see 80 percent of their business come from 20 percent of their customers. Too many businesses neglect this loyal customer base in pursuit of new customers. However, since the cost to attract new customers is significantly more than to maintain your relationship with existing ones, your efforts toward building customer loyalty will certainly payoff. If the company is having a regular customer they should give some sort of discount in the new products for them .the apple failed to do so. If the company had looked after their regular customers by giving free Operating system upgrade or discount in their New Operating systems they could have got new customers from the regular customers and retained their market in well shape. Some steps to get customers whether they are regular or new are listed below. 10 WAYS TO BUILD CUSTOMER LOYALTY Communicate. Whether it is an email newsletter, monthly flier, a reminder card for a tune up, or a holiday greeting card, reach out to your steady customers. Customer Service. Go the extra distance and meet customer needs. Train the staff to do the same. Customers remember being treated well. Employee Loyalty. Loyalty works from the top down. If you are loyal to your employees, they will feel positively about their jobs and pass that loyalty along to your customers. Employee Training. Train employees in the manner that you want them to interact with customers. Empower employees to make decisions that benefit the customer. Customer Incentives. Give customers a reason to return to your business. For instance, because children outgrow dress quickly, the owner of a childrens dress store might offer a card that makes the tenth dress half price. Likewise, a dentist may give a free cleaning to anyone who has seen him regularly for five years. Product Awareness. Know what your steady patrons purchase and keep these items in stock. Add other products and/or services that accompany or compliment the products that your regular customers buy regularly. And make sure that your staff understands everything they can about your products. Reliability. If you say a purchase will arrive on Wednesday, deliver it on Wednesday. Be reliable. If something goes wrong, let customers know immediately and compensate them for their inconvenience. Be Flexible. Try to solve customer problems or complaints to the best of your ability. Excuses such as Thats our policy will lose more customers then setting the store on fire. People over Technology. The harder it is for a customer to speak to a human being when he or she has a problem, the less likely it is that you will see that customer again. Know Their Names. Remember the theme song to the television show Cheers? Get to know the names of regular customers or at least recognize their faces. LOYALTY PERCENTAGE A mere 5 % increase in customer retention can result in a 75% increase in customer value according to Fred Reichheld, author of Loyalty Rules. A great reason to pay attention to loyalty. Here are more benefits: grab more sales from existing customer base help spread word of mouth marketing identify product/service problems earlier improve profitability provide a competitive advantage Defining Customer Loyalty Customer loyalty is the practice of finding, attracting, and retaining your customers who regularly purchase from you. Customer loyalty is not customer satisfaction. Customer satisfaction is the basic entry point of good business practices. Your small business should provide satisfaction to all your customers. CRM, despite all the talk about it being one of the most profitable customer strategies of the decade, still allows room for failure. Top 10 Features to Look for in a CRM System: Sales-cycle analysis Integration to your back-office accounting system Open, industry-standard technology Seamless flow of information between corporate systems and remote employees Real-time reporting and analysis Automated workflow Contact and campaign management Multiple language and multicurrency capabilities to support global business Ability to easily customize your solution to fit your business needs Scalability to accommodate future business growth What are the Problems occur within CRM? Exorbitant Costs One of the problems with CRM is the huge investment needed to maintain a customer database. The additional expense comes because of the money needed for computer hardware, software, personnel etc. The costs involved are enormous and most often than not the resultant ROI from the CRM implementation fail to cover the costs involved. This leads to a negative feeling within the company about CRM and its successes and ultimately results in CRM collapse. Inadequate Focus on Objectives Secondly when starting off on a CRM strategy the objectives are clearly established and followed. Management and employees know fully well what is needed to work towards organizational goals. The goals themselves are clearly laid out after meticulous planning. However midway during the CRM implementation, when hard times hit, the organization loses sight of its goals and ultimately steers away from it. At times goals get interchanged and lose their importance. Companies find themselves work at home directory towards goals that are less important and forgetting the ones that really are. This is one of the fundamental and mostly felt problems in CRM. Insufficient Resources Sometimes in phased implementation of CRM, if conditions worsen within the company or without, organizations start lessening their budgets for the current phase. When funds are less, budgets strained, the necessary costs required for CRM success are not employed. As a result CRM starts failing midway. The most important aspect- that of maintaining consistency is lost. Organizations fail to utilize the necessary resources for success and thus result in failure. Inappropriate Metrics Organizations have basically failed to use the right metrics. Failure to choose the right method of measurement and implement it is one of the chief reasons why CRM fails. Different metrics have to be employed for the calculation of different goals. Companies seldom pause to analyze which metric is needed for which element and ultimately use the wrong one. This results in faulty measurement and CRM disappointments. Complex Systems CRM simple? The hype says so, the experts agree. Is this really the case? Organizations that have employed it though have a different opinion. They are witness to the fact that CRM packages can be highly complex, with vast amounts of intricacies. If this is the case then how do simple employees cope? The answer lies in sufficient training being given in order that they are able to comprehend and deal with the difficulties easily. Business Needs Most Important One of the chief mistakes companies make is letting the technology drive their CRM functionality. Whats happening is that companies are endeavoring to go to the industry leaders, gain the technology needed and then apply it to the business problems only to find that it isnt solving any of them. Instead they need to analyze their business problems first and then find the appropriate CRM solution for it. This backwards step is responsible for CRM failure. No Customer Focus Customer oriented strategy? Yes, CRM does play the part. Customer oriented employees? Now that requires an effort on the part of the organization. It needs to motivate employees to be absolutely customer centric. This involves tremendous effort on the part of the company but is highly essential. CRM problems arise because of employee reluctance to be more customers focused. The result is a highly expensive customer strategy being adopted by the company in an effort to retain customers, with reluctant, unfocussed employees implementing it. Slow Returns Another failure of CRM is its inability to provide quick returns on investment. Organizations find themselves waiting for years before they are able to see actual returns on their investment. Most experts view the low ROI (Return of Investment) as a major problem with CRM but fail to see that the long wait is just as difficult. Waiting for years to see their investments show results, tests patience and leads to both employees and management slackening their efforts in the implementation. The apple started to listen to customers expectations and kept on looking what they can do to improve their customer relations. So they introduced several ways and walk in centres and done what ever they could to satisfy the customer expectation like introducing Ipads Iphone, Mac book and etc if they done these things from the start of the company they could have been a very successful company Once the apple rectified and reinvented by following the above key points by having direct relation ship with the customers the company will grow into a unique company CONCLUSION Most CRM problems can be mitigated, resolved and ultimately obliterated. What is highly required is the ability to focus on the business needs, choose a CRM package that works towards it, employ the right resources and assume the right metrics. Adopting these measures would go a long way in alleviating CRM problems. The world is ready for the business minded people to move further with high aim and warm refreshing ideas to make the world bloom to a lovely spotlight that feels happy to glitter with most obvious and LOVELY Customers. The apple gained their knowledge after several critical stages and gained lot of customers and when they started to look after them the company began to become a challenger and better name in the industry and with in the people

Essay --

The X - ray was discovered in 1985 by a German physicist, Sir W. C. Roentgen. Since then, the application of radiation has been widely used in radiology, nuclear medicine and radiotherapy for both diagnostic and treatment of different kind of diseases encountered by the human beings.(Luk, Leung, & Cheng, 2010).Even though the radiation play important role in diagnostic and treating the patient, the biological effect caused by medical radiation is more concerned in recent survey(Arslanoğlu et al., 2007). Due to the advanced development of medical equipment’s such as multi - detector row computed tomography and nuclear medicine there is significant increase in the population’s cumulative exposure(Rehani & Berris, 2012).The application of computer tomography has increased dramatically since 1970,with the number of annual scan go up to 72 million in 2007 form 2 million in 1980s (Baumann et al., 2011).The radiological examination performed every year crossed 3.6 bill ion and the number is expected to increase in future(Nations, Committee, & Radiation, 2010).since the radiological exam...

Culture Clash: The Puritans and the Native Americans :: American America History

In 1608, a group of Christian separatists from the Church of England fled to the Netherlands and then to the "New World" in search of the freedom to practice their fundamentalist form of Christianity (dubbed Puritanism). The group of people known as the Native Americans (or American Indians) are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Northern and Southern American continents who are believed to have migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia around 30,000 years ago. When these two societies collided, years of enforced ideology, oppression and guerrilla warfare were begun. The great barriers of religion, ethics and world-views are the three largest factors which lead to the culture clash between the Puritans and the Native Americans. Religion played a very important role in both Puritan and Native American society, though their ideologies differed greatly. According to Puritan beliefs, God had chosen a select number of people to join him in heaven as his elect. The Native Americans, on the other hand, believed that everyone was the same; no one was better than anyone else. As Sitting Bull once said, "Each man is good in [the Great Spirit's] sight. (Quotes from our Native Past). This theory was in direct conflict with the Puritan's view. The means through which the beliefs of these two groups were carried on also differed greatly. The Puritans had their Bible which detailed their entire religion and held the answers to all possible questions. The Native Americans on the other hand relied on oral transmission of their theology. Thus, while the Puritans had a constant place to turn to when they wanted to figure out what they believed, Native Americans were forced to fill in the blanks between stories they had heard when it came to their basic ideals. This aspect made them both unable to relate to one another. The most prominent difference between the two religions were their gods. The Puritans believed in one God and one God only. The Native Americans, though also worshipping their own almighty "Great Spirit," took further reverence for all living (and once living) things, worshipping the trees and their ancestors as well as their omnipotent Tirawa (or Wakan Tanka). The Puritans, holding all aspects of the Bible literal and as divine mandate, saw this worship of beings other than their God as idolatry (which was in clear violation of the first commandment). Therefore, the Puritans held the Native American society as a society wallowing in sin. Culture Clash: The Puritans and the Native Americans :: American America History In 1608, a group of Christian separatists from the Church of England fled to the Netherlands and then to the "New World" in search of the freedom to practice their fundamentalist form of Christianity (dubbed Puritanism). The group of people known as the Native Americans (or American Indians) are the aboriginal inhabitants of the Northern and Southern American continents who are believed to have migrated across the Bering land bridge from Asia around 30,000 years ago. When these two societies collided, years of enforced ideology, oppression and guerrilla warfare were begun. The great barriers of religion, ethics and world-views are the three largest factors which lead to the culture clash between the Puritans and the Native Americans. Religion played a very important role in both Puritan and Native American society, though their ideologies differed greatly. According to Puritan beliefs, God had chosen a select number of people to join him in heaven as his elect. The Native Americans, on the other hand, believed that everyone was the same; no one was better than anyone else. As Sitting Bull once said, "Each man is good in [the Great Spirit's] sight. (Quotes from our Native Past). This theory was in direct conflict with the Puritan's view. The means through which the beliefs of these two groups were carried on also differed greatly. The Puritans had their Bible which detailed their entire religion and held the answers to all possible questions. The Native Americans on the other hand relied on oral transmission of their theology. Thus, while the Puritans had a constant place to turn to when they wanted to figure out what they believed, Native Americans were forced to fill in the blanks between stories they had heard when it came to their basic ideals. This aspect made them both unable to relate to one another. The most prominent difference between the two religions were their gods. The Puritans believed in one God and one God only. The Native Americans, though also worshipping their own almighty "Great Spirit," took further reverence for all living (and once living) things, worshipping the trees and their ancestors as well as their omnipotent Tirawa (or Wakan Tanka). The Puritans, holding all aspects of the Bible literal and as divine mandate, saw this worship of beings other than their God as idolatry (which was in clear violation of the first commandment). Therefore, the Puritans held the Native American society as a society wallowing in sin.

Trouble with Society :: essays papers

Trouble with Society The most troubling thing in our society today is how children treat each other. We try to teach our children to have high morals so they will be honest and kind when they become older. But how are our children acting when grownups are not around. Kids tend to classify each other by how rich their parents are and how well they dress. To a child who is classified as being poor the ridicule and constant teasing can be overwhelming possibly causing many psychological problems. Kids want a lot of things and as parents we would like to give those things to them. But a lot of the time we can't afford to. With the rising cost of living it is hard for some people to even put food on the table. With the price of designer label clothes being so high many people can only afford to shop at k-mart. To a child fashion is everything if you don't look cool than you will not be accepted by others. You will be teased and made fun of. I remember when I was in elementary school everybody had nike high top sneakers. Although my family was not poor my mother worked hard for her money and she didn't think it was necessary to pay fifty dollars for a pair of shoes I would probably ruin in a couple weeks. Well I was so embarrassed when I had to wear the shoes my mom picked up for me from k-mart's. I remember the other children laughing at me because I had a pair of cheap sneakers on. Children go through a lot growing up have to use their parents morals to battle today's social problems. Many things can effect a child's psychological behavior which in return effects the people around them. Let's look at the situation that occurred at Columbine High School in Colorado, two children who were social outcasts finally had enough of being teased and made fun of went to school and started shooting their peers. Maybe if they weren't teased like they were, for not dressing like everyone else or acting like the others, they would have never built up enough anger to do such a thing to other humans. For a child to have to grow up in a shack of a house with no heat or running water is a tragedy.

Professional Presence Essay

​All nurses need to strive for maintaining a professional appearance at all times. People will always judge nurses by their appearance. When it comes to nursing, a nurse’s appearance can either instill confidence in the patient or total mistrust. Part 1: Watch and Analysis ​Was this individual professional? I think the individual in the image is a professional nurse. The nurse is dressed appropriately in a clean blue scrub. Her is hair short, neatly styled and out of her face. ​What made the individual professional? What makes her professional is dressing smartly at work. She is personable, wears a smile on her face, which makes her approachable. She is caring and compassionate nurse, as she is in the bedside with her patient. ​Were there aspects presented that were not professional? I did not see anything in the picture that was not professional. Part 2: Personal Reflection and Connection ​What is the appropriate attire for an individual in your profession? All nurses in all settings should look neat and professional. Uniforms, lab coats, scrubs and shoes should be clean. School nurses wear business attire instead of scrubs. The attire usually is tailored pantsuits, long or short sleeves blouses, jackets or sweaters and conservative, closed-toed shoes. ​What makes someone professional in your field? Professionalism in nursing includes your attitude, your appearance and your willingness to help others. Nurses as professionals are expected to display competent and skillful behaviors in alignment with their profession. ​What behavioral attributes do you practice that identify you as a professional? As a nurse I always put the needs of the patient first, above all else. According to White â€Å"Nurses cannot lose sight of the fine art of  nursing which is caring† (as cited in Nursezone, 2014). As a nurse I am always kind and compassionate towards others in our daily lives. ​What attributes, such as attire, communication skills, and presentation of self, do you possess that makes you professional? Showing up at work looking professional at all times. Clean clothes, net hair, clean shoes and a well groomed look making the statement that you care about yourself as a person and therefore have the capacity to care about others. In nursing it is more than talking to a patient. Being a good listener especially to the needs of the patient is very important to provide the best possible care. Conclusion ​Nurses represent the nursing profession at all times, whether at work or at play. If you conduct yourself professionally and present a professional demeanor, you will command the respect you deserved from your employer, your coworkers, your patient, families and community. If you look and act the role, your patient will have much more respect for you as a professional.

Analysis of Online Article

Student Name LING 305W barf 1 Final Draft spill 23 February 2012 Genre Analysis of the Online hold, Superfoods Everyone need Genre online name Author Susan Seliger tush Audience frame of seasons hefty plurality, healthy cooks, quite a little who want to eat better, people with illnesses, diseases, or other health ailments Article Title Superfoods Everyone Needs Source www. webmd. com see February 2007 Authors carry A healthy diet incorporating a variety of superfoods will athletic supporter you maintain your weight, involution disease, and live longer. (para. 4) My analysis tool COLFV model, which stands for 5 elements subject, organization, langu duration, approach patternat, and values Blueberriesone of the superfoods Seliger describes. Source www. sciencedaily. com My claim Using the COLFV model to analyze the literary genre of this informative online article, I find that Seliger efficaciously uses organization, langu board, and values however, the content and format of the text edition could be improved. CONTENT Feature 1 Percentages * In hangence to the outside source, Elizabeth Somer, Seliger includes percentages. Id say about 50%-70% of suffering could be eliminated by what people eat and how they move heart disease, diabetes, cancer, hypertension can all be impacted. (para. 3) * By including these percentages, the indorser can easily refer to them in the text. * Percentages make the comment much than tangible. Feature 2 Comparisons * The creator compargons age with calcium trains for adults (para. 12). For example, the agent includes Age 9-18 1300mg age 19-50 1000mg age 51 and over 1200mg, in bullet point format on separate lines. These comparisons by age and level of calcium help reviewers find which level fits them. * These comparisons are important, however, the ages are limited to adults. Albeit the offshoot group includes children from ages 9-18, it can be helpful for readers to be informed about the levels for young children. ORGANIZATION Feature 1 variety * Seliger classifies severally highlighted superfood in the subheadings. For example, blueberries are the antioxident superfood (above para. 5) whereas later onnoon tea lowers cholesterol and inhibits cancer (above para. 1). * These classifications help check off the beneficial properties of each superfood. Feature 2 Expansion * Describing the preferred form of beans to leverage for the superfood, fiber, Seliger cites Dr. Ann Kulze (para. 10). Kulze expands beyond the dried, fresh and frozen form of beans by mentioning that consumers should try to avoid preserve beans as they contain high amounts of sodium usually. LANGUAGE Feature 1 unceremonial * The condition uses vocabulary like estimate what? (para. 1) and yummiest (above para. 3). * Seliger does a great line of work of connecting to her more general audience by victimization informal vocabulary. This shows readers that an expert, like Seliger, is more analogous to them. Feature 2 Acronyms * ECGC is exposit as a powerful antioxident by the author (para. 11). * Including acronyms can help reduce see time for readers. * This particular acronym is not delimitate by each of its letters. This leaves members of the target audience to search for its definition or to drop d witness it. FORMAT Feature 1 Subheadings soy Superfood to Lower Cholesterol (above para. 9) and Calcium (above para. 12) are two of the subheadings used by Seliger. * Subheadings nicely guide the reader to the specific content. Specifically, each superfood receives its own section with a subheading and a para represent description. Feature 2 Bullet points * Fourteen items (superfoods) after the fourth part paragraph and the comparisons by age after the twelfth paragraph receive their own lines with bullet points. * Bullet points help a reader quickly and easily get hitched with emphasized text. Seliger does a great job of including the fourteen superfoods with bullet poi nts as it resembles a obtain list. In fact, a reader could potentially print this portion of the article and refer to the bulleted items as a shopping list at the supermarket. * The comparisons could be enhance for better reader interpretation if the content were inserted into a table or graph rather than in bullet points. The reader could refer to a visual such(prenominal) as a table more easily and compare each age group side-by-side. VALUES Feature 1 The author and the target audience get by the same interest in earnest health. A healthy diet incorporating a variety of the following superfoods will help you maintain your weight, fight disease, and live longer. (para. 4) * For the readers (as described in the target audience on page one of this handout), this line at one time connects the benefits of eating superfoods. Feature 2 The author and the audience share the same pinch that health can be improved. * The author refers to Somer in regards to an additional benefit of zee 3s being a depression reducing agent (para. 7). * For the target audience, additional benefits support Seligers plea to eat superfoods. Reference Seliger, Susan.

A New Approach to Portfolio Matrix Analysis for Marketing Planning

A parvenue APPROACH TO PORTFOLIO ground substance ANALYSIS FOR STRATEGIC merchandising PLANNING 1 2 Vladimir Dobric , Boris Delibasic Faculty of faceal science, emailprotected rs 2 Faculty of organisational science, delibasic. emailprotected rs 1 see Portfolio hyaloplasm is probably the most important gumshoe for strategicalalalalal merchandising planning, especi all(preno instantuteal)y in the schema selection stage. Position of the presidential term in the portfolio intercellular substance and its corresponding grocery storeing strategy depends on the appeal of comforts of relevant strategic agentive roles. conventional prelimoary to portfolio intercellular substance psycho digest uses averaging maneuver as an accruement manipulator.This burn up is very limited in earthy job environs characterized by miscellaneous traffic in the midst of strategic calculates. An innovative court to portfolio hyaloplasm digest, presented in this paper, green god dess be utilize to express complex interaction amongst strategic component parts. The naked as a jaybird approach is based on the perspicuous accruement actor, a extrapolate ingathering hooker from which rough other accrual actors brush off be obtained as particular cuttings. Example of conventional approach to portfolio intercellular substance psycho analytic thinking disposed in this paper understandably studys its inherited limitations.The rude(a) approach utilize to the same example eli bitates weaknesses of tralatitiousistic i and facilitates strategic marting planning in realistic transmission line environs. Key words Portfolio hyaloplasm psycho epitome, strategic foodstuffing planning, arranged gathering, hookup instrument. 1. INTRODUCTION The portfolio hyaloplasm compendium is widely apply in strategic commission 2, 3, 6. It offers a view of the agency of the ad arcminuteistration in its environment and betokens generic wine str ategies for the future. Some of the most ofttimes utilize portfolio matrices atomic number 18 the ADL (developed by Arthur D.Little), the BCG (Boston Consulting Group) and the GE (General Electric) McKinsey matrix. other(a) pretendings that substructure be visited as versions or adaptations of the pilot burner GE McKinsey matrix argon the Shell directing polity matrix and McDonalds directional form _or_ system of government matrix (DPM) that is used in this paper. The application of whatever(prenominal) of these portfolio matrices whoremaster be, roughly, divided into dickens stages the first stage, which includes the analysis of the crinkle eyeshot of the cheek, and the second stage in which the strategies that should be used in future argon recommended based on the estimated dumbfound.The difference amid said(prenominal) matrices lies in number and pie-eyeding of factors used in the analysis process as well as in the number and generality of recommended strat egies. It is common for all the portfolio matrices that the localize of the organization in a portfolio matrix is based on estimated nourishs of two factors the unmatchable describing outside(a) environment (market magnet in DPM) and the other describing inner characteristics of the organization comp atomic number 18d to the major competitors ( billet powers/ face in DPM).On the basis of portfolio matrix analysis , a generic marketing strategy is recommended based on an organizations point in the portfolio matrix. In the portfolio matrix analysis, determine of two factors describing international and national environment argon estimated as collectings of set of strategic factors influencing single environment. The choice of the most adequate assembly functions depends on the condition in which organization operates, i. e. an collecting functions describing impertinent and internal environment should have a de stand forour which models organizations external and int ernal environment conditions respectively.In the traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis, weighted arithmetical mean is comm unless used as an collecting function. This appeal doer describes an averaging demeanor, thus, it nookie be used to model occupation environment in which postgraduate and low values of strategic factors second-rate from all(prenominal) one other. In the realistic rail line environment strategic factors scum bag interact in a more complex way, i. e. they throw out average each other, fortify or founder each other (disjunctive or coincidence behaviour), or exhibit assorted forms of complex interactions 2, 3, 6.It is clear that the use of weighted arithmetic mean as an assembly operator terminatet express all the practical interactions amongst strategic factors that exist in a realistic chore environment. This explains why the traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis is highly limited, with the inherited weaknesses th at cant be all overcome without substantial adaption. Therefore, under anterior conditions, it is frank that a tender approach to portfolio matrix analysis is needed.This new approach must take in consideration all the mathematical forms of interactions amid strategic factors that can occur in a realistic assembly line environment. These interactions can be evince with a synthetic solicitation operator, so a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis can be based on this operator. W eighted arithmetic mean and other known solicitation operators be just, as we exit see in the following slits, special cases of ratiocinative gathering operator. 2. THE MCDONALDS DIRECTIONAL indemnity MATRIX (DPM)Although the DPM, like other models of portfolio matrices, attempts to define an organizations strategic position and strategy alternatives, this object lens cant be met without considering what is meant by the endpoint organization. The accepted level at which an organization can be analysed utilize the DPM is that of the strategic art building block. The most common definition of an SBU is as follows 3 (1) It get out have common segments and competitors for most of the crossroads (2) It depart be a competitor in an external market (3) It is a discrete, separate and identifiable unit 4) Its manager result have control over most of the areas critical to success. DPM has two dimensions each construct up from a number of factors (1) Market attractor and (2) Business strengths/position. Using these factors, and some scheme for system of weights them according to their richness, strategic line of merchandise units are sort out into one of nine cells in a 3 X3 matrix. Each cell is connected to a generic strategy recommended by the DPM. Factors used to form add up dimensions of DPM vary according to concrete circumstances in which SBU operates. Notice that previous explanations taken rom 3 suggest weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation operat or, thus, traditional approach to DPM analysis only considers a case of averaging behaviour amidst strategic factors. That is only one of the possible interactions between strategic factors that can occur in realistic crinkle organization environment. new(prenominal) possible interactions like conjunction, disjunction or merge interaction can t be modelled by use weighted sum of factors as an aggregation operator. Definitions of market attracter and seam strengths/positions dimensions are g iven in 3.Market magnet is a criterion of the securities industry potential to yield growth in gross sales and profits. It is important to highlight the need for an objective assessment of market attraction victimization data from the organizations external environment. The criteria themselves will, of course, be determined by the organization carrying out the exercise and will be relevant to the objectives the organization is trying to achieve, but they should be independent of t he organizations position in its m arkets 3. Business strengths/position is a cadency of organizations actual strengths in the grocery (i. . the degree to which it can take advantage of a market opportunity). Thus, it is an objective assessment of an organizations ability to satisfy market needs relation to competitors. DPM, together with generic marketing strategy options is shown in Picture 1. Picture 1 Directional policy matrix 3. TRADITIONAL APPROACH TO DIRECTIONAL insurance policy MATRIX ANALYSIS In this section, traditional approach to DPM analysis using simple example will be presented, highlighting its inherited limitations originating from using non-adequate aggregation functions.Tables 1 and 2 are slender modification of tables that are used in DPM analysis example in 3 on pages 202 and 203, where market magnet and business strengths/position are evaluated by using weights and scads of relevant strategic factors. The only modification applied on tables in 3 is the n ormalization of weights, get ahead and corresponding military ranks to 0, 1 interval. This is do with simple switching, which is cover in the following sections. Table 1 Market attractiveness evaluation Strategic factor (Fi) mark off (si) lend (M) 0. 25 0. 25 0. 5 0. 15 0. 1 0. 1 1. Growth 2. Profitability 3. Size 4. exposure 5. Competition 6. Cyclicality W eight (wi) 0. 6 0. 9 0. 6 0. 5 0. 8 0. 25 0. 15 0. 225 0. 09 0. 075 0. 08 0. 25 sum total 1 0. 645 Table 2 Business strengths/position evaluation Strategic factor (Fi) 7. Price 8. Product 9. Service 10. Image Total W eight (wi) 0. 5 0. 25 0. 15 0. 1 1 You company Competitor A Competitor C Score (si) Total (B) Score Total (A) Score Total (C) 0. 5 0. 6 0. 8 0. 6 0. 25 0. 15 0. 12 0. 06 0. 6 0. 8 0. 4 0. 5 0. 3 0. 2 0. 06 0. 05 0. 4 1 0. 6 0. 3 0. 2 0. 25 0. 09 0. 03 . 58 0. 61 0. 57 Market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) are evaluated using weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation function of stain s s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 minded(p) for relevant strategic factors F1, , F10 using weights w1, , w10 M = w1 s1 + w2 s2 + w3 s3 + w4 s4 + w5 s5 + w6 s6 = 0. 645 (1) B = w7 s7 + w8 s8 + w9 s9 + w10 s10 = 0. 58 (2) The same compares can be prone in matrix form M = W M SM (3) B = W B SB (4) where M and B are market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation respectively, W M = w1, T , w6 and SM = s1, , s6 are weighting and gain ground vectors for market attractiveness strategic factors , T and W B = w7, , w10 and SB = s7, , s10 are weighting and scaling vectors for business strengths/position strategic factors. Notice that the train position of the organization on the DPM is not effrontery with business strengths/position value (B), but the comparative business strengths/position value (BR), since business strengths/position is actually a measure of organizational abilities (B) (internal environment) congeneric to the competitors (i. e. respective abilities of mar ket leader) 3.In our example market leader is Competitor A (from Table 2), thus, organizations relative business strengths/position value (BR) is mensurable as BR = B/A (5) intercourse business strengths/position value (BR) is and then plot on the horizontal axis of the DPM using a logarithmic scale 3. These explanations are not of importance for the domain of our investigation, so no futher considerations regarding relative business strengths/position value (BR) and DPM plotting are given. In the lie down of this paper, the only consideration will be given to market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) evaluation.W eighted arithmetic mean used for an aggregation function assumes that the interactions between strategic factors show averaging behavior, i. e. it is used to model business environment in which values of strategic factors average each other. This is the mayor drawback of traditional DPM analysis. Realistic business environment demands more modelling power for more complex factors interactions. Besides averaging, strategic factors can pay back or weaken each other (disjunctive or conjunctive behaviour respectively), or exhibit various forms of interactions which are neither strictly averaging, conjunctive or disjunctive, but obscure, i. . aggregation function exhibits unlike behaviour on different parts of the domain (mixed behaviour). down the stairs these circumstances, it is obvious that a new approach to portfolio matrix analysis demands an usage of different aggregation operator, the one capable of modelling all the possible interactions between strategic factors that can take place in a realistic business environment. The paper presents an approach to portfolio matrix analysis, using legitimate aggregation operator, which eliminates weaknesses of traditional one. If we return to ur example shown in Tables 1 and 2, we can restate possible business external and internal environment conditions in the following way 1) It i s possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show averaging behaviour, i. e. gobs s1, , s6 or s7, , s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can average each other using weights w1, , w10. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position are evaluated as shown in equations (1) and (2) , or in their matrix equivalents (3) and (4). ) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show conjunctive behaviour, i. e. tallys s1, , s6 or s7, ,s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can weaken each other. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation depends upon the lowest score among the relevant factors M = min(s1, , s6) (6) B = min(s7, , s10) (7) 3) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show disjunctive behaviour, i. e. cores s1, , s6 o r s7, , s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can reinforce each other. In this case market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation depends upon the highest score among the relevant factors M = max(s1, , s6) (8) B = max(s7, , s10) (9) 4) It is possible that interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show mixed behaviour. For example, scores s1, ,s6 or s7, ,s10 given to strategic factors F1, , F10 can average, reinforce and weaken each other depending on their values.Thus, the aggregation function can be conjunctive for low scores, disjunctive for high scores, and perhaps averaging when some scores are high and some are low (different behaviour of aggregation function on different parts of the domain). Example for this kind of aggregation functions behaviour will be given in the following sections. pellucid aggregation operator can express all previous types of interactions, so it naturally imposes itself as a he terotaxy to weighted arithmetic mean aggregation operator in the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis.Notice that interactions between strategic factors from organizations external environment (market attractiveness factors) and those from organizations internal environment ( business strengths/position factors) are not recognise in traditional approach to DPM analysis 3. If those interactions can be recognized, they can easily be integrated into the model in the new approach. In the following section basic theory of crystal clear aggregation will be briefly examined. After examining the theory, a simple example of new approach to portfolio matrix analysis using Tables 1 and 2 will be presented. . LOGICAL AGGREGATION Aggregation functions are functions with special properties. The purpose of aggregation functions (they are excessively called aggregation operators, both terms are used interchangeably in the existing literature) is to combine inputs and allege output, where the inputs are typically interpreted as degrees of preference, strength of evidence or support of hypothesis 1. If we consider a mortal set of inputs I = i1, , in, we can aggregate them into single representative value by using infinitely many aggregation functions.They are grouped in various families much(prenominal) as means, triangular norms and conor ms, Choquet and Sugeno integral, uninorms and nullnorms, and many others 1. The question arises how to chose the most suitable aggregation function for a particular proposition application. This question can be answered by choosing logical aggregation function a generalise aggregation operator that can be reduced to any other known one. Logical aggregation is an aggregation method that combines inputs and produces output using logical aggregation operator 4, 5.In a general case logical aggregation is carrried out in two unadorned steps 1) Normalization of input values which results in a generalized logical and/or 0, 1 value of analyzed input ij ? ? ? I 0, 1 (10) 2) Aggregation of normalized values of inputs into resulting globaly representative value with a logical aggregation operator n Aggr 0, 1 0, 1 (11) The first step explains the close for modification of tables from 3 in previous section, in arrangement to obtain Tables 1 and 2 with normalized values of strategic factors scores on which logical aggregation operator can be applied.Operator of logical aggregation in a general case (Aggr ) is a pseudo-logical function ( ), a linear convex combination of generalized Boolean polynomials ( ) 4, 5 Aggr (? i1? , , ? in? ) = (? i1? , , ? in? ) = ? wj? j? (? i1? , , ? in? ) (12) where (? ) is a generalized result operator and (? ) is an aggregation measure as defined in 4, 5. generalise Boolean polynomial is a value acknowledgment of Boolean logical function ?. Boolean logical function is an element of Boolean algebra of inputs ? (i1, , in) ?BA(I), to which corresponds uniquely a generalized B oolean polynomial (? i1? , , ? in? ) as its value 0, 1 0, 1 n (13) Logical aggregation operator depends on the chosen measure of aggregation (? ) and operator of generalized product (? ). By a corresponding choice of the measure of aggregation (? ) and generalized product (? ) the known aggregation operators can be obtained as special cases 4, 5, e. g. for additive aggregation measure (? = ? add) and generalized product (? = min) logical aggregation operator reduces to weighted arithmetic mean Aggradd in (? i1? , , ? in? ) = ? wj (? ij? ) (14) After considering basic theory of logical aggregation, we can return to the domain of our investigation. In the following section the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis will be presented thoroughly using the same data from Tables 1 and 2. 5. A NEW APPROACH TO PORTFOLIO MATRIX ANALYSIS If we consider again Tables 1 and 2, and quartet cases of possible business environment conditions as defined in Section 3, we can design new aggre gation functions that model all the aforementi oned conditions using logical aggregation operator.In this section an example to all tetrad types of strategic factors interactions will be given, together with logical functions modeling them. A starting point for the new approach to portfolio matrix anal ysis is a finite set of strategic factors F = F1, , F10 and a Boolean algebra BA(F), defined over it. The task of logical aggregation in DPM analysis is the fusion of strategic factors scores into resulting market attractiveness and business strengths/position values using logical tools. Logical aggregation has two steps (1) Normalization of strategic factors scores (score Sj corresponds to factor Fj as its predefined value) ? ? Sj 0, 1 (15) that results in a logical and/or score sj ? 0, 1 of analyzed strategic factor Fj (j = 1.. F). Normalization of scores in S is done with simple transformation. In the airplane pilot tables in 3, score (Sj) of strategic factor (Fj) hold outs t o interval 0.. 10, e. g. Strategic factor Growth (F1) has score S1 = 6 in the original table in 3. The normalized score (s1) for this factor (F1) is given in Table 1 with the following equation s1 = 6/10 = 0. 6 (16) The same transformation is applied to the rest of the strategic factors in tables in 3, resulting in Tables 1 and 2. 2) Aggregation of normalized scores s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 of factors F1, , F10 into resulting market attractiveness (M) and business strengths/position (B) values with a logical aggregation operator M = Aggr (s1, , s6) (17) B = Aggr (s7, , s10) (18) Aggregation of scores s1, , s6 and s7, , s10 for strategic factors F1, , F10 is accomplished using generalized Boolean polynomials (? M? ) and (? B? ) Aggr (s1, , s6) = ? M? (s1, , s6) = ? M(F1, , F6)? (19) Aggr (s7, , s10) = ? B? (s7, s10) = ? B(F7, , F10)? (20) Generalized Boolean polynomials ? M? (s1, , s6) and ? B? (s7, , s10) are value realizations of Boolean logical functions ? M(F1, , F 6) and ? B(F7, , F10), which belong to Boolean algebra of strategic factors BA(F). Notice that interactions between strategic factors from organizations external environment (market attractiveness factors) and those from organizations internal environment (business strengths/position factors) are not stated in 3. If they exist, they can easily be integrated into the model.Adequate generalized product operator (? ) in the domain of portfolio matrix analysis is min operator (? = min). If we return to the possible business environment conditions stated in Section 3, we can formulate logical functions to express corresponding types of interactions between the strategic factors 1) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show averaging behaviour, then the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis reduces to traditional one, as stated in equations (1) and (2), or matrix equivalents (3) and (4). ) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show conjunctive behaviour, they are expressed in the following way ? M = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 (21) ?B = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 (22) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = and, ? = min) M = Aggrand (s1, , s6) = ? M min B = Aggrand min = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 min (s7, , s10) = ? B min min = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 min(s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) = 0. 25 (23) min (24) = min(s7, s8, s9, s10) = 0. 5 3) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show disjunctive behaviour, they are expressed in the following way ? M = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 (25) ?B = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 (26) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = or, ? = min) M = Aggror (s1, , s6) = ? M min min = F1 ? F2 ? F3 ? F4 ? F5 ? F6 min max(s1, s2, s3, s4, s5, s6) = 0. 9 (27) B = Aggror (s7, , s10) = ? B min min = F7 ? F8 ? F9 ? F10 min = max(s7, s8, s9, s10) = 0. 8 (28) 4) If the interactions between market attractiveness or business strengths/position strategic factors show mixed behaviour (aggregation function exhibits different behaviour on different parts of the domain), they can be modelled with the following logical functions, e. g. realistic external and internal business environment, where strategic factors show mixed behaviour, can be modelled as ?If the external environment conditions are that profitabilty (F2), size (F3) and cyclicality (F6) are important, but if the favorableness (F2) is not high enough, growth (F1), vulnerability (F4) and opposition (F5) are important, we can write the following face ?M = (F2 ? F3 ? F6) ? (c(F2) ? F1 ? F4 ? F5) (29) ? If the internal environment conditions are that equipment casualty (F7) and product (F8) are important, but if the price (F7) and produ ct (F8) are not competitive, service (F9) and image (F10) are important, we can write the following expression ?B = (F7 ? F8) ? (c(F7 ? F8) ?F9 ? F10) (30) Market attractiveness and business strengths/position evaluation, for organizations external and internal environment conditions respectively, are given with corresponding generalized Boolean polynomial (? = min) M = Aggr? (s1, , s6) = ? M = (F2 ? F3 ? F6) ? (c(F2) ? F1 ? F4 ? F5) = = s2 ? s3 ? s6 + (1 s2) ? s1 ? s4 ? s5 s2 ? s3 ? s6 ? (1 s2) ? s1 ? s4 ? s5 = 0. 25 (31) B = Aggr? (s7, , s10) = ? B = (F7 ? F8) ? (c(F7 ? F8) ? F9 ? F10) = = s7 ? s8 + (1 (s7 ? s8)) ? s9 ? s10 s7 ? s8 ? (1 (s7 ? s8)) ? s9 ? s10 = 0. 6 (32) min min min min min minRemember that when plotting the DPM, the exact position of the organization on the business strengths/position axis (horizontal) is calculated using relative business strengths/position value (BR) and logarithmic scale (see equation (5)), for all aforementioned types of strategic fact ors interactions . 5. CONCLUSION Traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis uses weighted arithmetic mean as an aggregation function, thus, it can only be used to model business environment in which strategic factors interactions show averaging behavior. This is only one of the four cases of realistic business environment conditions, i. . strategic factors interactions showing conjunction, disjunction or mixed behavior are not covered in the traditional approach. The new approach uses generalized aggregation function operator of logical aggregation. This operator can model all the possible business environment conditions types of interactions between the strategic factors. This paper shows that traditional approach to portfolio matrix analysis is just a special case of the new one, since the weighted arithmetic mean is actually a special case of logical aggregation operator.Usage of logical aggregation operator in the new approach clearly improves the traditional one, allow ing more modeling power for complex relations among the strategic factors. Since the new approach to portfolio matrix analysis covers all four types of strategic factors interactions, it facilitates strategic marketing planning in a realistic business environment. 5. BIBLIOGRAPHY 1 Beliakov G. , Pradera A. , Calvo T. , Aggregation functions A guide for practitioners , Springer-Verlag, Berlin Heilderberg, 2007. 2 Leibold M. Probst G. J. B. , Gibbert M. , Strategic focusing in the Knowledge Economy, Wiley VCH, 2005. 3 McDonald Malcolm, Marketing Plans (fourth edition), Butterworth-Heinemann, 1999. 4 Radojevic D. , Logical aggregation based on interpolative Boolean algebra, Mathware & frail Computing, 15 (2008) 125 -141. 5 Radojevic D. , (0,1) valued logic A natural generalization of Boolean logic, Yugoslav Journal of operational Research, 10 (2000) 185 216. 6 Roney C. W. , Strategic focussing Methodology, Praeger Publishers, 2004.